Human exposure and internal dose assessments of acrylamide in food

There is an increasing interest in the development and validation of biomarkers for use in biochemical/molecular epidemiological studies. Though the area of neurotoxicology has received much attent...

Biomarker research in neurotoxicology: the role of mechanistic studies to bridge the gap between the laboratory and epidemiological investigations.

Formation of hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and its epoxide metabolite glycidamide in the rat.

The possibilities and limitations of using mercapturic acids and protein and DNA adducts for the assessment of internal and effective doses of electrophilic chemicals are reviewed. Electrophilic chemicals may be considered as potential mutagens and/or carcinogens. Mercapturic acids and protein and DNA adducts are considered as selective biomarkers because they reflect the chemical structure of the parent compounds or the reactive electrophilic metabolites formed during biotransformation. In general, mercapturic acids are used for the assessment of recent exposure, whereas protein and DNA adducts are used for the assessment of semichronic or chronic exposure. 2-Hydroxyethyl mercapturic acid has been shown to be the urinary excretion product of five different reactive electrophilic intermediates. Classification of these electrophiles according to their acid-base properties might provide a tool to predict their preference to conjugate with either glutathione and proteins or with DNA. Constant relationships appear to exist in the cases of 1,2-dibromoethane and ethylene oxide between urinary mercapturic acid excretion and DNA and protein adduct concentrations. This suggests that mercapturic acids in some cases may also play a role as a biomarker of effective dose. It is concluded that simultaneous determination of mercapturic acids, protein and DNA adducts, and other metabolites can greatly increase our knowledge of the specific roles these biomarkers play in internal and effective dose assessment. If the relationship between exposure and effect is known, similar to protein and DNA adducts, mercapturic acids might also be helpful in (individual) health risk assessment.

Mercapturic acids, protein adducts, and DNA adducts as biomarkers of electrophilic chemicals

(1996). The Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Acrylamide: Implications for Mechanisms of Toxicity and Human Risk Estimation. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 527-590.

The Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Acrylamide: Implications for Mechanisms of Toxicity and Human Risk Estimation

Monitoring exposure to 4,4'-methylenedianiline by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of adducts to hemoglobin.

Monitoring exposure to acrylamide by the determination of S-(2-carboxyethyl)cysteine in hydrolyzed hemoglobin by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Styrene oxide, which is the genotoxically active metabolite of styrene, reacts in vivo with carboxylic acid residues in hemoglobin forming phenylhydroxyethyl esters. Mild alkali hydrolysis cleaves these ester adducts, yielding styrene glycol, which in human blood labelled in vitro with14C-styrene oxide accounted for 15% of the total radioactivity covalently bound to the protein. A quantitative assay procedure has been developed for measuring the base released styrene glycol in globin. The method utilizes solvent extraction followed by trimethylsilyl ether derivatization and separation and quantitation by capillary gas chromatography with selective ion recording mass spectrometry. Globin labelled in vitro with d8-styrene oxide was used as the internal standard. The method was used to establish a dose-response relationship in rats given single i.p. doses of styrene oxide (83.3–833 μmol/kg body wt). The method, which allows quantitation of the adducts down to levels of 15 pmol/g globin, has the potential to act as a dosimeter for industrial workers exposed to styrene or styrene oxide.

Monitoring of exposure to styrene oxide by GC-MS analysis of phenylhydroxyethyl esters in hemoglobin

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

I. Bird

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Monitoring exposure to 4,4'-methylenedianiline by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of adducts to hemoglobin.

Monitoring exposure to acrylamide by the determination of S-(2-carboxyethyl)cysteine in hydrolyzed hemoglobin by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Monitoring of exposure to styrene oxide by GC-MS analysis of phenylhydroxyethyl esters in hemoglobin