Resistance of pepper (Capsicum spp.) to anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) was evaluated during regeneration of Capsicum spp. in National Agrobiodiversity Center. Disease severity of 896 pepper accessions (430 accessions of C. annuum, 219 accessions of C. baccatum, 14 accessions of C. chacoense, 153 accessions of C. chinense, 70 accessions of C. frutescens, 2 accessions of C. pubescens, and unidentified 8 accessions) was investigated at 14 days after inoculation in 28 C humid chamber. Forty nine accessions of pepper germplasm were resistant to C. acutatum. Among them, nine accessions were highly resistant to C. acutatum without wounding spray inoculation. Four accessions belonged to the species C. baccatum, one accession to C. chacoense, and four accessions to C. frutescens. Forty two resistant candidate accessions were inoculated with pin-prick wounding using a syringe needle. Five accessions were resistant as a less than 3% of disease severity to C. acutatum with wounding inoculation 5 days after inoculation. All resistant accessions were C. baccatum. These five pepper germplasm might be used as breeding resources for the anthracnose resistance breeding program.

/pdf/evaluation-of-resistance-to-colletotrichum-acutatum-in-57lvppctuc.pdf

Evaluation of Resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum in Pepper Genetic Resources

Dynamics of anthracnose disease causing pathogen and inheritance and ssr marker- assisted tagging of resistance to anthracnose in chilli

Wild pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) could be a source of variation to improve cultivated pepper due to its unique traits with adapting challenges caused by adversity. Interspecific hybridization has been used as an effective way of pepper introgression breeding, which transfers genes of interest from wild relatives to cultivated crops. Here, eight fertile hybrids F1 were produced from pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and the wild relative (C. frutescens), as female and male, respectively, by interspecific hybridization. Interspecific hybrids were identified using conventional morphological descriptors and SSR molecular markers. The results showed that significant differences in agronomic traits existed among cultivated pepper, wild relatives, and interspecific hybrid F1. Interspecific hybrid F1 presented intermediate values, although they were closer to the wild species in most of the agronomic traits. Analysis of SSR markers clearly showed that interspecific hybrid F1 had bands from the paternal and maternal accessions, which indicated that F1 hybrid was heterozygous. Our results provide hybrid for breeder to transfer genes of interest from wild relative, C. frutescens, to cultivated pepper, which is an important step for introgression breeding. _____________________________________________________________________________ 1 State key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People Republic of China. * Corresponding author; e-mail: wanhongjian@sina.com 2 Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng, People Republic of China. 3 College of Agricultural, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, People Republic of China.

/pdf/production-and-identification-of-interspecific-hybrids-2mz9qmm7hf.pdf

Production and Identification of Interspecific Hybrids between Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and the Wild Relative (Capsicum frutescens L.)

With manual pollination,an interspecific hybrid was obtained from the cross between a pungent Capsicum frutescens accession H101(P1)and the pungent C.chinense accession PI439487(P2).25 phenotypic characters were observed and compared among P1,F1 and P2.The results indicated the growth vigor of F1 had heterosis significantly,and the majority of the other phenotypic characters were intermediate to that of either parent.SRAP analysis showed that the Fl hybrid contained 220 bands of two parents,accounting for 53.92% of the total loci,and the percentage of 143 bands holding by F1 and either parent reached to 35.05%.The number and the percentage of the specific loci in F1 were 12 and 2.95% respective1y.The genetic similarity coefficient between F1 and P1 was 0.749,greater than that between F1 and P2(0.740),suggesting the hybrid was more similar to the female parent at DNA level.The obtainment of the interspecific hybrid of C.frutescens×C.chinense afford a basis for the transfer of the fruit flavor gene and the multiple-flower gene in C.chinense and the formulation of new materials in pepper.

Production and Identification of Interspecific Hybrids Between C.frutescens and C.chinense

Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is an important vegetable crop worldwide with high economic and nutritional value. The Capsicum genus comprises more than 30 species, of which C. annuum, C. chinense, C. baccatum, C. frutescens, and C. pubescens are the five domesticated ones. Anthracnose fruit rot, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of pepper. In this review, we compiled up-to-date information from 40 publications on anthracnose resistance in Capsicum species. In total, 375 accessions were described as showing different levels of resistance against Colletotrichum spp. These accessions belonged to different species, including C. annuum (160), C. baccatum (86), C. chacoense (4), C. chinense (90), and C. frutescens (16), as well as 19 accessions of which the species were not reported. High levels of resistance were mainly present in C. baccatum and C. chinense. For some of the resistant accessions, resistance genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) were reported. Using associated molecular markers, we located 31 QTLs and 17 resistance-related genes in the recently published Capsicum genomes, including C. annuum CM334 version 1.6, C. chinense version 1.2, and C. baccatum version 1.2. Our results could be helpful for making use of some reported accessions in the breeding of pepper cultivars with resistance to anthracnose rot disease. 

/pdf/resistance-to-anthracnose-rot-disease-in-capsicum-3mdb70qp.pdf

Resistance to Anthracnose Rot Disease in Capsicum

Reliable genetic resources resistant to anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, in Capsicum have only been found in certain Capsicum species, e.g., Capsicum baccatum and C. chinense. Interspecific hybridization using embryo rescue was used to introgress anthracnose resistance from C. baccatum var. PBC81 into C. annuum var. Matikas. Because the interspecific hybrids were completely pollen-sterile, an interspecific BC₁F₁ as the first segregating population was raised through intensive backcrosses in which Matikas was used as the male parent. Among the hundreds of BC₁F₁ progeny, 88 plants setting many fruits were used to study inheritance of anthracnose resistance. The segregation of resistance to susceptibility in the BC₁F₁ population did not fit expected Mendelian ratios such as 1:1 or 3:1, and the frequency distribution of progenies varied continuously from resistant to susceptible. To estimate broad sense heritability of resistance, we used a real method of selection differential (i) and genetic gain (ΔG). According to the equation h²= ΔG/i, heritability was estimated as about 0.61. This result suggests that resistance of C. baccatum var. PBC81 can be controlled quantitatively, although we do not know yet how many genes are associated with the resistance.

Inheritance of Anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) Resistance in Capsicum Using Interspecific Hybridization

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Inheritance of Anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) Resistance in Capsicum Using Interspecific Hybridization