The traditional way of reading through Braille books is constraining the reading experience of blind or visually impaired (BVI) in the digital age. In order to improve the reading convenience of BVI, this paper proposes a low-cost and refreshable Braille display device, and solves the problems of high energy consumption and low latching force existing in existing devices. Further, the Braille display device was combined with the 3D Systems Touch device to develop an active Braille touch-reading system for digital reading of BVI with the help of the CHAI3D virtual environment. Firstly, according to the actual needs of BVI to touch and read the Braille dots, this paper utilizes the beam structure to provide a full latching function for the raised Braille dot without energy consumption. Through theoretical derivation and finite element analysis, the performance of the Braille dot actuator is optimized to provide sufficient feedback force and latching force for finger's touch-reading. Then, this paper designs a virtual Braille interactive environment based on the CHAI3D, and combines the sense of touch with audio to effectively improve the recognition accuracy and reading efficiency of BVI for Braille through the multi-modal presentation of Braille information. The performance test results of the device show that the average lifting force of the Braille dot actuator is 101.67 mN, the latching force is over 5 N, and the average refresh frequency is 17.1 Hz, which meets the touch-reading needs of BVI. User experiments show that the average accuracy rate of BVI subjects in identifying digitized Braille is 95.5%, and subjects have a high subjective evaluation of the system.

Development and Evaluation of Refreshable Braille Display and Active Touch-reading System for Digital Reading of the Visually Impaired.

To solve the problems of poor stability and low monitoring precision in the online detection of rice moisture in the drying tower, we designed an online detection device for rice moisture at the outlet of the drying tower. The structure of a tri-plate capacitor was adopted, and the electrostatic field of the tri-plate capacitor was simulated using COMSOL software. A central composite design of three factors and five levels was carried out with the thickness, spacing, and area of the plates as the influencing factors and the capacitance-specific sensitivity as the test index. This device was composed of a dynamic acquisition device and a detection system. The dynamic sampling device was found to achieve dynamic continuous sampling and static intermittent measurements of rice using a ten-shaped leaf plate structure. The hardware circuit of the inspection system with STM32F407ZGT6 as the main control chip was designed to realize stable communication between the master and slave computers. Additionally, an optimized BP neural network prediction model based on the genetic algorithm was established using the MATLAB software. Indoor static and dynamic verification tests were also carried out. The results showed that the optimal plate structure parameter combination includes a plate thickness of 1 mm, plate spacing of 100 mm, and relative area of 18,000.069 mm2 while satisfying the mechanical design and practical application needs of the device. The structure of the BP neural network was 2-90-1, the length of individual code in the genetic algorithm was 361, and the prediction model was trained 765 times to obtain a minimum MSE value of 1.9683 × 10−5, which was lower than that of the unoptimized BP neural network with an MSE of 7.1215 × 10−4. The mean relative error of the device was 1.44% under the static test and 2.103% under the dynamic test, which met the accuracy requirements for the design of the device.

/pdf/design-and-experiment-of-capacitive-rice-online-moisture-2dnay9zn.pdf

Design and Experiment of Capacitive Rice Online Moisture Detection Device

Electromagnet coil is mainly composed of enameled wire which wound on the coil skeleton, and the function is to convert the electrical signal into a magnetic signal, which is a very important electric‐magnetic conversion element. When designing the electromagnet coil, usually only the total winding turns and winding inner diameter can be calculated, and the specific design parameters such as the diameter of copper wire, paint layer thickness, and winding turns of each layer can only be selected through experience, indicating that the design method should be improved. In addition, the unreasonable design parameters will seriously affect the power consumption and cost of coil, so it is highly necessary to improve the optimization design method. In order to solve the above problems, an optimization design method for DC electromagnet coil is proposed in this paper. This method simultaneously takes into account both power consumption and manufacturing cost, and can achieve the optimal matching of design parameters. In this paper, the structure of electromagnet coil is introduced, and the theoretical calculation model of resistance is improved first. Then, according to the expected requirements of electromagnet coil for steady current, the optimization design method is proposed and the optimal design parameters are obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed optimization design method is verified by the test platform of electromagnet coil. The results show that the electromagnet coil designed by the optimization design method fully meets the expected requirements. The relevant research results can provide reference for the optimization design of electromagnet coil, which has a certain engineering practical value. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Optimization Design of DC Electromagnet Coil Considering the Power Consumption and Cost

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Taehun Jang, Sang Ho Sohn, Hyejin Ha, Siwoo Kwon, Gyeongmo Lee, Donggeon Lee, Yeongjun Lee, Seo Woo Park, Jun Young Jang, Jungbin Kim, Seong Eun Kwak, Junghwa Kim; Measurement of Gravitational Acceleration Using Bernoulli's Equation. Phys. Teach. 1 April 2024; 62 (4): 268–271. https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0118197 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAmerican Association of Physics TeachersThe Physics Teacher Search Advanced Search |Citation Search 

Measurement of Gravitational Acceleration Using Bernoulli’s Equation

This article presents current density profiles due to Lorentz and hydrodynamic forces in the presence of spatially varying plasma parameters, electrostatic field (E0→), and microwave electric field (E1→̃) obtained from experiments in a plasma confined by a dipole magnet driven at the steady state. The electric field E0→ (or E1→̃) and the pressure tensor P0¯ (or P1¯) were determined to obtain the total current density J0→ (or J1→̃) at various spatial locations employing the electrical conductivity tensor S¯DC (or S¯AC) as obtained in the previous work [Nanda et al., Phys. Plasmas 29, 062105 (2022)]. The results show that the DC density due to hydrodynamic force dominates over those due to the Lorentz force, and the converse is observed in the case of AC density. Furthermore, the DC flow due to the Lorentz force is regulated by bounce motion (along r̂ and θ̂) and grad-curvature drift (along ϕ̂), whereas E→×B→ drift controls the AC density along the three directions, where r̂, θ̂, and ϕ̂ represent unit vectors in spherical polar co-ordinates. The dominance of DC density due to Lorentz and hydrodynamic forces along r̂ and θ̂ directs the particles along the azimuthal direction by J→×B→ force. This prevents the loss of particles along the radial and polar directions, thus helping in overall plasma confinement. The work reveals interesting features of current density profiles, guided by bounce motion, magnetic drifts, and anisotropic pressure tensor, which would be beneficial for understanding current flow in laboratory and space dipole plasmas.

https://pubs.aip.org/aip/pop/article-pdf/doi/10.1063/5.0147150/17814234/052107_1_5.0147150.pdf

Current density profiles in a compact dipole plasma

A solenoid is a coil wound many times on a cylinder of length greater than its diameter. Solenoids are mainly used as electromagnets, because a magnetic field is formed when current flows through a solenoid. The solenoid described in secondary school and university textbooks is a single-layered solenoid. Further, textbooks and papers focusing on education primarily describe the magnetic fields caused by infinite solenoids. However, most solenoids used in laboratory or daily life are finite solenoids with multiple layers to achieve a strong magnetic field. Examples include solenoid valves, Faraday rotators, and modulators.

Magnetic Force between a Multilayered Solenoid and a Magnet

The capacitor is a device that can store an electric charge and has a structure with two insulated electrode plates. When a voltage is applied to the capacitor, electric charge accumulates on the plates; current flows during the charge accumulation but does not flow when the charge accumulation is complete. Dielectric inserts are made from a substance that generates a dielectric polarization when an electric field is applied to them. The capacitance C of a parallel plate capacitor filled with dielectric material can be expressed as: 

Temporal Change of a Parallel Plate Capacitor’s Voltage after Dielectric Insertion

Characteristics of the Photocurrent Limited by the Space Charge

The Mariotte bottle is a device that delivers a constant flow rate as a result of the constant pressure inside the bottle. This bottle has also been used to study Torricelli’s law, the transition of laminar and turbulent flow, and the capillary interruption of a liquid jet. In fluid mechanics, orifice hydraulic coefficients are essential prerequisites for determining the actual flow of fluid through the orifice. As is well known, when determining the discharge and velocity coefficients of a fluid emitted from a cylinder, maintaining a constant head by continuously supplying the fluid according to the flow rate is difficult.

Measurement of hydraulic coefficients using a Mariotte bottle and a smartphone

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