Oxford Dictionary of National BiographyEditors: MatthewColin and others 60 vols Price £7500: online personal subscription £295 per annum [www.oxforddnb.com] Oxford: Oxford University Press

Loan-words in Indonesian and Malay

Abstract:This article explores the ways that British administrators adopted and altered educational models for handicrafts training from the American Philippines and applied them to vernacular schools in rural Malaya from 1916 to 1931. Rural Malays were taught to modernize and develop within their traditional gender roles and economic stations, and not to theoretically westernize, modernize, and prepare for self-rule as students were in the Philippines. British educators and ethnologists saw handicrafts education as a way to revitalize Malay culture and improve rural Malays' economic selfsufficiency. These policies were intended to mitigate Malays' desires for social mobility, and reinforce the traditional systems of power utilized by the British to maintain indirect rule over the colony. Ultimately, this article demonstrates how education policies, imperial ideas of modernization, and conceptions of indigenous culture were shaped by the trans-imperial exchange of ideas and the local circumstances in which they were implemented.

Industrious Women and Lost Traditions: Gender, Imperial Exchange, and Handicrafts Education in British Malaya and the American Philippines, 1900–1940

British administration in the Federated Malay States, 1896-1920

Annual report on education in the Federated Malay States for the year 1920

In the first half of the twentieth century, the government of colonial Malaya sought to rejuvenate the country's traditional craft through exhibitions, craft promotion, and training. However, British intervention was not necessarily premised on the best interests of the craft industry. Drawing on official documents and colonial commentaries, this article examines colonial constructions of Malay traditional craft. Here, the purported demise of craft skills validated colonial encroachment into craft production. Despite promoting craft as an industry and in technical education, the colonial government's approaches naturalized craft as rural work associated with low intellect. By focusing on expanding the markets for Malay crafts, I argue that they also provided an opportunity for colonial officers to emphasize a shift in craft patronage and endorse alternative forms of knowledge about local craft.

Promoting craft in British Malaya, 1900-1940

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Promoting craft in British Malaya, 1900-1940