Robots in manufacturing alleviate hazardous environmental conditions, reduce the physical/mental stress of the workers, maintain high precision for repetitive movements, reduce errors, speed up production, and minimize production costs. Although robots have pervaded many industrial sectors and domestic environments, the experiments in the food sectors are limited to pick-and-place operations and meat processing while we are assisting new attention in gastronomy. Given the great performances of the robots, there would be many other intriguing applications to explore which could usher the transition to precision food manufacturing. This review wants open thoughts and opinions on the use of robots in different food operations. First, we reviewed the recent advances in common applications - e.g. novel sensors, end-effectors, and robotic cutting. Then, we analyzed the use of robots in other operations such as cleaning, mixing/kneading, dough manipulation, precision dosing/cooking, and additive manufacturing. Finally, the most recent improvements of robotics in gastronomy with their use in restaurants/bars and domestic environments, are examined. The comprehensive analyses and the critical discussion highlighted the needs of further scientific understanding and exploitation activities aimed to fill the gap between the laboratory-scale results and the validation in the relevant environment.

Avenues for Non-Conventional Robotics Technology Applications in the Food Industry

Complete coverage path planning for reconfigurable omni-directional mobile robots with varying width using GBNN(n)

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– As the key to intelligent construction, construction robots can perform complex and dangerous tasks instead of workers. Construction robot path planning (CRPP) is a prerequisite for executing tasks. However, dynamic environments and moving workers at sites create significant difficulties for CRPP. To solve this issue, this research proposes a construction robot path planning method based on safe space and worker trajectory prediction. Firstly, a grid map with a target point is automatically established based on BIM (Building Information Modeling) and construction schedule. Secondly, an improved A* algorithm with a dynamic weight of the heuristic function is developed for global path planning. Thirdly, the worker and robot safe space are defined, and worker trajectory is predicted to improve the DWA (Dynamic Window Approach) for local path planning. Furthermore, a decision model is developed to deal with the path conflict based on the potential collision zone (PCZ). Finally, an experiment is designed and conducted to validate the proposed method. It is found that the method can effectively achieve the optimal path and resolve path conflict to ensure worker and robot safety.

A construction robot path planning method based on safe space and worker trajectory prediction

Combined grid and heat conduction optimization for staircase cleaning robot path planning

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Combined grid and heat conduction optimization for staircase cleaning robot path planning