Study on the structure, antioxidant activity and degradation pattern of polysaccharides isolated from lotus seedpod.

Extraction, purification, structural characteristics, biological activities, and application of the polysaccharides from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (lotus): A review.

Isolation, structural properties, and bioactivities of polysaccharides from Althaea officinalis Linn.: A review.

The purpose of this work was to ameliorate the yield of polysaccharides from Kangxian flowers (PKFs) using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and to explore the structural features and cosmetic potential of PKFs obtained under the optimized UAE. According to response surface methodology, the optimal UAE for PKFs were liquid-to-solid ratio of 59: 1 mL/g, ultrasonic power of 404 W, time of 48 min, and temperature of 66℃, under which the yield of PKFs reached 26.8 ± 1.76 %, 2.6-folds higher than hot-water extraction. By comparing the microstructures, it can be seen that ultrasonication exerted great damage on Kangxian flowers to promote the outflow of PKFs. Various analyses revealed that the PKFs extracted with UAE were acidic polysaccharides with relatively lower molecular weights of 0.92 - 76.9 kDa, negatively charged potential of -16.3 mV, and arabinose the dominant monosaccharide followed by galactose. These structural features conferred PKFs pronounced antioxidant, moistureabsorptionandretentionproperties, showing great potential for cosmetic application. 

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction brings high-yield polysaccharides from Kangxian flowers with cosmetic potential

Ultrasound–microwave combined extraction (UMCE), gradient ethanol precipitation, chemical characterization, and antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of Lycium barbarum leaf polysaccharides (LLP) were systematically studied. The optimal conditions for UMCE of LLP achieved by response surface method (RSM) were as follows: microwave time of 16 min, ultrasonic time of 20 min, particle size of 100 mesh, and ratio of liquid to solid of 55:1. Three novel polysaccharide fractions (LLP30, LLP50, LLP70) with different molecular weights were obtained by gradient ethanol precipitation. Polysaccharide samples exhibited scavenging capacities against ABTS and DPPH radicals and inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Among the three fractions, LLP30 possessed relatively high antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities in vitro, which showed a potential for becoming a nutraceutical or a phytopharmaceutical for prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia or diabetes.

/pdf/ultrasound-microwave-combined-extraction-of-novel-26bzkuma.pdf

Ultrasound–Microwave Combined Extraction of Novel Polysaccharide Fractions from Lycium barbarum Leaves and Their In Vitro Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Activities

BACKGROUND
Lotus seedpods is the agricultural by-products of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), which is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia and Australia. Most of lotus seedpods are considered wastes which are abandoned and incinerated, resulting in significant waste of resources and heavy environmental pollution. For recycling lotus seedpods, the extraction optimization, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the contained polysaccharides were firstly investigated in the present study.


RESULTS
Hot water extraction of lotus seedpod polysaccharides was optimized by using a response surface methodology combined with a Box-Behnken design, and the optimum conditions were as follows: a liquid-solid ratio of 25.0 mL g-1 , an extraction temperature of 98.0 °C, and an extraction time of 138.0 min. Under these conditions, an experimental yield of 5.88±0.06% was obtained. Physicochemical analyses suggested that lotus seedpod polysaccharides belong to acidic heteropolysaccharides and are principally composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and galacturonic acid. The polysaccharide has a broad molecular weight distribution (2.15×105 to 1.77×107 Da), an α-configuration and mainly possesses smooth and sheet-like structures. Biological evaluations showed that the polysaccharide possessed good scavenging activity on 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrozyl and hydroxyl radicals, and exerted obvious inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase activity. Moreover, the polysaccharide was determined to be a mixed-type noncompetitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase.


CONCLUSION
These results indicated that lotus seedpod polysaccharides have potentials as natural antioxidants and hypoglycaemic substitutes. This study provides the theoretical bases for the exploitation and application of polysaccharides from the by-product resources lotus seedpod. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Extraction optimization, physicochemical property, antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of polysaccharides from lotus seedpods.

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Extraction optimization, physicochemical property, antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of polysaccharides from lotus seedpods.