Inflammation, although first characterized by Cornelius Celsus, a physician in first Century Rome, it was Rudolf Virchow, a German physician in nineteenth century who suggested a link between inflammation and cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, pulmonary diseases, neurological diseases and other chronic diseases. Extensive research within last three decades has confirmed these observations and identified the molecular basis for most chronic diseases and for the associated inflammation. The transcription factor, Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) that controls over 500 different gene products, has emerged as major mediator of inflammation. Thus agents that can inhibit NF-kappaB and diminish chronic inflammation have potential to prevent or delay the onset of the chronic diseases and further even treat them. In an attempt to identify novel anti-inflammatory agents which are safe and effective, in contrast to high throughput screen, we have turned to "reverse pharmacology" or "bed to benchside" approach. We found that Ayurveda, a science of long life, almost 6,000 years old, can serve as a "goldmine" for novel anti-inflammatory agents used for centuries to treat chronic diseases. The current review is an attempt to provide description of various Ayurvedic plants currently used for treatment, their active chemical components, and the inflammatory pathways that they inhibit.

Identification of Novel Anti-inflammatory Agents from Ayurvedic Medicine for Prevention of Chronic Diseases: “Reverse Pharmacology” and “Bedside to Bench” Approach

Psoralea corylifolia L. (Buguchi) - folklore to modern evidence: review.

Liver diseases are a major worldwide health problem, with high endemicity in developing countries. They are mainly caused by chemicals and some drugs when taken in very high doses. Despite advances in modern medicine, there is no effective drug available that stimulates liver function, offer protection to the liver from damage or help to regenerate hepatic cells. There is urgent need, therefore, for effective drugs to replace/supplement those in current use. The plant kingdom is undoubtedly valuable as a source of new medicinal agents. The present work constitutes a review of the literature on plant extracts and chemically defined molecules of natural origin with hepatoprotective activity. The review shows 107 plants, their families, geographical distribution, plant parts utilized, type of assay and inducer of liver damage. It also includes 58 compounds isolated from higher plants, classified into appropriate chemical groups. This work intends to aid researchers in the study of natural products useful in the treatment of liver diseases.

	 

	Key words: Liver, liver disease, hepatoprotective activity, natural products.

A review of natural products with hepatoprotective activity

Psoralea corylifolia Linn. (P. corylifolia) is an important medicinal plant with thousands of years of clinical application. It has been widely used in many traditional Chinese medicine formulas for the treatment of various diseases such as leucoderma and other skin diseases, cardiovascular diseases, nephritis, osteoporosis, and cancer. Phytochemical studies indicated that coumarins, flavonoids, and meroterpenes are the main components of P. corylifolia, and most of these components are present in the seeds or fruits. The extracts and active components of P. corylifolia demonstrated multiple biological activities, including estrogenic, antitumor, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, osteoblastic, and hepatoprotective activities. This paper systematically summarized literatures on the chemical constituents and biological activities of P. corylifolia, which provided useful information for the further research and development toward this potent medicinal plant.

The Chemical Constituents and Bioactivities of Psoralea corylifolia Linn.: A Review.

Psoralea corylifolia L. (Leguminosae) is a well-known traditional medicinal plant used from ancient times for treatment of various ailments. It is widely distributed and an important part of therapeutics in Ayurveda and in Chinese medicines. The aim of this review is to present comprehensive and most up to date report on its ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological, clinical, phytochemical, and side effects. Studies on the ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological, clinical, phytochemical, and side effects of P. corylifolia were published until year 2017 and were searched using various scientific databases. The scientific literature searched revealed that these plant species has been extensively investigated in vivo and in vitro for various biological and phytochemical studies. It has cardiotonic, vasodilator, pigmentor, antitumor, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anti-helminthic properties and locally used for alopecia, inflammation, leukoderma, leprosy, psoriasis, and eczema. So far, about a hundred bioactive compounds have been isolated from seeds and fruits, and most important compounds identified belongs to coumarins, flavonoids, and meroterpenes groups. This review article summarized the most updated scientific literature on bioactive phytochemical and biological activities of P. corylifolia. This article will be a useful addition to providing information for future research, and more standard clinical trials are needed for the plant to be used as therapeutic agent.

Psoralea corylifolia L: Ethnobotanical, biological, and chemical aspects: A review.

The present study investigated whether Jakyak-Gamcho-Tang (JGT, Shaoyao-Gancao-tang) and its constituents have the protective effect against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced cytotoxicity on hippocampal HT22 cell line. JGT consists of two medicinal herbs, Paeoniae Radix (PR) and Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR). In contrast to treating with t-BHP alone, pre-treatment of HT22 cells with JGT, PR and GR (50-400 microg/ml) for 3 hours significantly increased the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, JGT, PR and GR exhibited the scavenging activity in both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and superoxide anion assays. Among the tested extracts, PR showed the most potent protective and antioxidative activities. These results suggest that PR acts as an antioxidant and this property may contribute to the neuroprotective activity of JGT extract.

Protective effect of jakyak-gamcho-tang extract and its constituents against t-BHP-induced oxidative damage in HT22 cells.

Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dongshin University, Naju 520-714, KoreaReceived March 12, 2014, Accepted March 28, 2014Key Words : Curcuma longa, Turmeric, Sesquiterpene, GermacraneCurcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), also known as turmeric,has been widely cultivated as a vegetable and spice in Southand Southeastern Asia. In traditional medicine, it has beenused extensively due to various beneficial properties, includ-ing anti-arthritic, reducing cholesterol level, and anti-inflam-mation.

http://koreascience.or.kr:80/article/JAKO201420947475662.pdf

A New Germacrane-Type Sesquiterpene from Fermented Curcuma longa L.

isolation and structure elucidation of a new sesquiterpene, longanone A (I), showing nitrite inhibitory effects

A New Germacrane‐Type Sesquiterpene from Fermented Curcuma longa L.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the H(2)O extract of the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia furnished one hepatoprotective compound, bakuchiol (1), together with two moderately active compounds, bakuchicin (2) and psoralen (3), on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in human liver-derived Hep G2 cells. The EC(50) values of compounds 1 - 3 are 1.0, 47.0, 50.0 microg/ml, respectively. Silymarin as a positive control showed the EC(50) value with 5.0 microg/ml.

Bakuchiol: a hepatoprotective compound of Psoralea corylifolia on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells.

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Protective effect of jakyak-gamcho-tang extract and its constituents against t-BHP-induced oxidative damage in HT22 cells.

A New Germacrane-Type Sesquiterpene from Fermented Curcuma longa L.

A New Germacrane‐Type Sesquiterpene from Fermented Curcuma longa L.

Bakuchiol: a hepatoprotective compound of Psoralea corylifolia on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells.