The amalgamation of different disciplines is at the heart of reticular chemistry and has broadened the boundaries of chemistry by opening up an infinite space of chemical composition, structure, and material properties. Reticular design has enabled the precise prediction of crystalline framework structures, tunability of chemical composition, incorporation of various functionalities onto the framework backbone, and as a consequence, fine-tuning of metal-organic framework (MOF) and covalent organic framework (COF) properties beyond that of any other material class. Leveraging the unique properties of reticular materials has resulted in significant advances from both a fundamental and an applied perspective. Here, we wish to review the milestones in MOF and COF research and give a critical view on progress in their real-world applications. Finally, we briefly discuss the major challenges in the field that need to be addressed to pave the way for industrial applications.

The Current Status of MOF and COF Applications

Impurity doping is a promising method to impart new properties to various materials. Due to their unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties, rare-earth ions have been extensively explored as active dopants in inorganic crystal lattices since the 18th century. Rare-earth doping can alter the crystallographic phase, morphology, and size, leading to tunable optical responses of doped nanomaterials. Moreover, rare-earth doping can control the ultimate electronic and catalytic performance of doped nanomaterials in a tunable and scalable manner, enabling significant improvements in energy harvesting and conversion. A better understanding of the critical role of rare-earth doping is a prerequisite for the development of an extensive repertoire of functional nanomaterials for practical applications. In this review, we highlight recent advances in rare-earth doping in inorganic nanomaterials and the associated applications in many fields. This review covers the key criteria for rare-earth doping, including basic electronic structures, lattice environments, and doping strategies, as well as fundamental design principles that enhance the electrical, optical, catalytic, and magnetic properties of the material. We also discuss future research directions and challenges in controlling rare-earth doping for new applications.

Rare-Earth Doping in Nanostructured Inorganic Materials.

Persistent luminescence instead of phosphorescence: History, mechanism, and perspective

Over the past 3 years, glucose oxidase (GOx) has aroused great research interest in the context of cancer treatment due to its inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability, and its unique catalytic properties against β-d-glucose. GOx can effectively catalyze the oxidation of glucose into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. This process depletes oxygen levels, resulting in elevated acidity, hypoxia, and oxidative stress in the tumor microenvironment. All of these changes can be readily harnessed to develop a multimodal synergistic cancer therapy by combining GOx with other therapeutic approaches. Herein, the representative studies of GOx-instructed multimodal synergistic cancer therapy are introduced, and their synergistic mechanisms are discussed systematically. The current challenges and future prospects to advance the development of GOx-based nanomedicines in this cutting-edge research area are highlighted.

Glucose Oxidase‐Instructed Multimodal Synergistic Cancer Therapy

Metal-organic framework-based materials as an emerging platform for advanced electrochemical sensing

The invention discloses a flexible up-conversion green light sensor for a living body and a preparing method of the sensor. The flexible up-conversion green light sensor includes the following steps of firstly, preparing and representing a green light transmission up-conversion micro-rod doped with a rare earth erbium element; secondly, preparing a flexible up-conversion green light sensor. The second step includes the substeps of firstly, laying a polyester thin film on a glass thin plate in advance, preparing a polydimethylsiloxane precursor with different ratios of 10:1 to 7:1, mixing the green light transmission up-conversion micro-rod with the concentration of 10-100 mg/ml doped with the rare earth erbium element in the precursor, conducting vacuumizing for 30-40 min at the negative pressure of 0.03-0.05 MPa, removing bubbles, and evenly and rotationally coating the polyester thin film with the mixture; secondly, forming a film with the thickness of 0.2-3 mm with liquid, and conducting vacuum high-temperature curing for 30-60 min at 80 DEG C; thirdly, conducting close pressing after the film is cooled so that bubbles can be prevented. The prepared flexible up-conversion greenlight sensor for the living body has the area of 25 mm to 1 cm , bright green light with the wavelength of 540 nm can be transmitted under the excitation of near infrared light with the wavelength of 980 nm, and the flexible up-conversion green light sensor can be embedded in subcutaneous tissue of the living body and has high green light conversion efficiency and low biotoxicity.

Flexible up-conversion green light sensor for living body and preparing method of sensor

The invention discloses a flexible up-conversion blue light sensor capable of regulating morphochrome CRY2 protein allosterism in vivo and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of 1) preparation and characterization of a blue light up-conversion micro-rod doped with a rare earth thulium element; 2) preparation of the flexible up-conversion blue light sensor: (1) preparing a polydimethylsiloxane precursor of different ratios of 10:1-7:1, mixing the blue light up-conversion micro-rod doped with rare earth thulium element by 10-100mg/ml, vacuumizing for 30-40min at 0.03MPa-0.05MPa to remove bubbles and evenly spin coating the mixture on a polyester film; (2) after the liquid forms the film for 0.2mm-3mm, conducting vacuum curing at high temperatureof 80 DEG C for 30-60 min; (3) compacting the film after cooling to avoid generation of bubbles. The sensor has an area of 25mm -1cm , and can emit bright blue light with the wavelength of 470nmunder the excitation of 980nm near-infrared light, and the blue light emitted can change the structure phase of the cryptochrome CRY2 protein to achieve safe efficient light conversion of particles invivo.

Flexible up-conversion blue light sensor capable of regulating cryptochrome CRY2 protein allosterism in vivo and preparation method thereof

The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a blue upconversion nano gene vector doped with rare earth thulium element. The preparation method comprises the steps of: (1) preparing blue upconversion nano-particles doped with the rare earth thulium element: preparing the blue upconversion nano-particles in diameter of 20-50 nanometers by a solvothermal method; (2) preparing blue upconversion nano-particles doped with water-soluble carboxylated rare earth thulium element by a ligand exchange process; and (3) connecting the surfaces of the blue upconversion nano-particles doped with the rare earth thulium element with polyetherimide of which the molecular weight is 600. According to real-time trace of the blue upconversion nano gene vector doped with the rare earth thulium element of an exogenous gene, the gene transfection efficiency is 40-70%, and the cell survival rate is 80%-95%. Through carrying out irradiation of near infrared light of 980 nanometers on the vector, the position of blue upconversion can be detected to realize real-time trace of the arrived destination position of the gene.

Preparation method and application of blue upconversion nano gene vector doped with rare earth thulium element

The present invention provides a preparation method of degradable sodium alginate hydrogel particles for intestinal colonization of strains. The preparation method specifically relates to the following two steps: 1) sodium alginate is prepared into a certain-concentration solution as inner liquid, dimethicone oil is used as external liquid, then a calcium ion-containing solution is used as particle receiving liquid, and a flow rate of an injection pump is adjusted to control transmission fluid amount of an opposite-flushing capillary micro droplet device; and 2) obtained sodium alginate hydrogel particles in the 1) are added to a chitosan solution to be stirred for twenty minutes. The chitosan-coated sodium alginate hydrogel particles prepared by the method have many advantages over traditional sodium alginate hydrogel particles: calcium ions generated by reaction of a saturated calcium carbonate solution and glacial acetic acid help rapid and stable formation of the hydrogel particles; and the chitosan-coated hydrogel particles have potential to be used as a carrier for delivering the strains to intestinal tract.

Preparation method of degradable sodium alginate hydrogel particles for intestinal colonization of strains

The invention relates to a method for preparing mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with calcein and wrapped by cationic liposome. The Calcein is loaded into mesoporous silica; the cationic liposome with uniform particle size is prepared to encapsulate the outside of the mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with the calcein. The cationic liposome prepared by the method encapsulates the calcein-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles, the prepared mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with calcein and wrapped by the cationic liposome have particle diameters of 80-130 microns, after cell addition, the cell survival rate is 80%-90%, the efficiency of viable cell labeling observed by an inverted fluorescence microscopy is about 90%-95%, the positions of viable cells can be judged by observing the distribution of the calcein in the nanoparticles, and high-efficient viable cell labeling is achieved.

Method for preparing mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with calcein and wrapped by cationic liposome

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