The objective of this review article is to explain the factors responsible
 for damaged mitochondria and its association with Alzheimer’s disease.
 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is fairly produced by dysfunctional mitochondria
 that are alternatively caused by excessive reactive oxygen species and
 mitochondrial dynamic imbalance. In the pathogenesis of AD, there is
 important role of many factors including amyloid-beta peptide (A ),
 tau-proteins, and mutations in presenilin-1. Additionally,
 mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants have also been explained because of their
 significance to mitochondrial alterations in AD. Moreover, alteration in
 mitochondrial dynamics is responsible for the generation of segregated,
 damaged mitochondria that are, later on, destroyed through mitochondrial
 autophagy in AD. Finally, various novel models used for studying Alzheimer’s
 disease, have been discussed.

/pdf/genetic-and-non-genetic-factors-responsible-for-13nnx5gbdz.pdf

Genetic and non-genetic factors responsible for mitochondrial failure and Alzheimer’s disease

The unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model has been widely accepted as an appropriate and valid model for
testing animal depression. Various studies have examined UCMS in rats for durations of 28 weeks with various types of
stressors. The aims of the study is to determine the duration of UCMS administration that causes depressive behavior in
rats. The methods used an experimental laboratory study with a true experimental design (randomized control group,
pre-test, and post-test design) was conducted with Rattus norvegicus at the Institute of Bio-Science of Universitas
Brawijaya. Five rats were given UCMS treatment for eight weeks. The depressive behavior of the rats was assessed
through a sucrose preference test (SPT), a tail suspension test (TST), and an open-field test (OFT) before treatment
(pre-test) and after four weeks (post-test I), six weeks (post-test II), and eight weeks (post-test III) of treatment. The data
analysis used a paired t-test and SPSS statistical tests with α = 0.05. This study found decreases in the sucrose consumption (the SPT test) four weeks (post-test I) and six weeks (post-test II) after the pre-test measurements. We also found
increases in the duration of immobility (the TPT test) six weeks (post-test II) after the pre-test measurements. In contrast,
no statistically significant changes were observed for the area units covered by the rats (the OFT test) in any of the
post-tests. UCMS administration causes depressive behavior in rats after six weeks.

The duration of unpredictable chronic mild stress (ucms)administration for causing depressive behavior in rats

The objective of the present study was to make comparison between rat models of depression achieved by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and reserpine injection from the angle of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome, depict the regularity of syndrome variation of the two models, and preliminarily explain its molecular mechanism. Rat depression models were achieved respectively by CUMS and intraperitoneal reserpine injection. The syndromes of liver stagnation, spleen deficiency and liver stagnation with spleen deficiency were judged by equivalently transforming the related clinical symptoms and into macro-characterization of rats. Elisa was used to measure the content of 5- serotonin (5-HT) in serum and Immunohistochemical method was used to measure the content of 5-HT in the hippocampal tissue CA2 district. The regularity of syndrome variation is: Rats in the CUMS group developed liver stagnation syndrome 2 weeks after stress and liver stagnation with spleen deficiency syndrome 6 weeks after stress, while rats in the reserpine injection group developed spleen deficiency syndrome 2 weeks after injection and liver stagnation with spleen deficiency syndrome 4 weeks after injection. Compared with the normal group, rats in CUMS group and reserpine group both presented persistent decrease in brain tissue 5-HT content (P<0.05) and increase in serum and intestine tissue 5-HT content (P<0.05), while degree of increase or decrease differed in the two groups in different period. The model of depression achieved by CUMS develops from liver stagnation syndrome gradually into Liver stagnation and Spleen deficiency syndrome, whose biological basis is that the onset of central 5-HT system dysfunction is faster than the peripheral 5-HT system for the stress conditions; The model of depression achieved by reserpine injection develops from spleen deficiency syndrome gradually into Liver stagnation and Spleen deficiency syndrome, whose biological basis is that the increase of peripheral 5-HT is faster than the decrease of central 5-HT for the effect of reserpine.

/pdf/effect-of-reserpine-on-chroninc-unpredictable-mild-stress-of-52yxflyla9.pdf

Effect of reserpine on chroninc unpredictable mild stress of rat model.

Value of Apolipoprotein A I (ApoA-I), α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT), actin α (ACTα), fibronectin (FN), haptoglobin (Hp) on the early diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) with unstable angina (UA) blood stasis syndrome was investigated. Severe screening of 30 every cases of plasma samples with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, phlegm and blood stasis syndrome, by western-blot analysis to detect 5 protein expression levels; Logistic regression analysis to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of plasma proteins combination. Detected five features of protein in the two type of CHD, and ApoA-I expression were declined, lower than the control group of healthy people; four proteins expression were significantly higher. By correlation analysis, ApoA-I is positively correlated with HDL and high negative with MCHC; α1- AT is negatively related to MCH; FN and TT are positively correlated; HP and LDL are positively correlated; ACTα and glucose are positively related. α1-AT, FN, HP, ACTα and healthy people are positively related, except ApoA-I. The diagnostic model composed of five proteins is specific. Combination of the characteristic of this protein group may become a new biomarker in the clinical diagnosis.

/pdf/study-on-the-plasma-protein-joint-diagnostic-value-of-48q1vsnfe7.pdf

Study on the plasma protein joint diagnostic value of coronary heartdisease with unstable angina blood stasis.

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Papers

Effect of reserpine on chroninc unpredictable mild stress of rat model.

Study on the plasma protein joint diagnostic value of coronary heartdisease with unstable angina blood stasis.