Polydopamine (PDA)-based surface modification has been used in a variety of fields. However, a vague impression on the stability of PDA still exists due to a lack of systematic studies. To ascertain the issue and make better use of this surface modification method, a technique of surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) was exploited to study the stability of PDA coated on gold surface. The results showed that PDA-coating stability was largely dependent on the pH of aqueous solutions, giving detachment ratios up to 66% and 80% at pH 1.0 and pH 14.0, respectively. However, increasing the ionic strength of aqueous solutions could reduce the detachment of PDA in strong acid and strong alkali conditions. Besides, organic solvents also made a difference on the PDA-coating stability. Among the tested 10 kinds of organic solvents, including n-hexane, toluene, ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DMSO caused the mo...

Stability of Polydopamine Coatings on Gold Substrates Inspected by Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging

We report the synthesis of a three-dimensional graphene (3DG)–TiO2 nanocomposite by covalently attaching P25 TiO2 nanoparticles onto pristine 3DG through a perfluorophenyl azide-mediated coupling reaction. The TiO2 nanoparticles were robustly attached on the 3DG surface, with minimal particle agglomeration. In photocatalytic CO2 reduction, the 3DG–TiO2 nanocomposite demonstrated excellent activity, about 11 times higher than that of the P25 TiO2 nanoparticles. The enhanced activity can be partially attributed to the highly dispersed state of the P25 TiO2 nanoparticles on the 3DG substrate. This 3DG-based system offers a new platform for fabricating photocatalytic materials with enhanced activities.

Three-Dimensional Graphene-TiO2 Nanocomposite Photocatalyst Synthesized by Covalent Attachment.

The number of life-threatening fungal infections has risen in immunocompromised patients, and identification of the rules that govern an appropriate immune response is essential to develop better diagnostics and targeted therapeutics. The outer cell wall component on pathogenic fungi consists of β-1,3-glucan, and Dectin-1, a pattern recognition receptor present on the cell surface of innate immune cells, binds specifically to this carbohydrate. A barrier in understanding the exact immunological response to pathogen-derived carbohydrate epitopes is the presence of multiple types of carbohydrate moieties on fungal cell walls. To dissect the immunological mechanisms used to recognize pathogens, a system of "fungal like particles" was developed that consisted of polystyrene beads, which mimicked the three dimensional shape of the fungus, coated covalently with purified β-1,3-glucan derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The morphology of the β-1,3-glucan layer was examined by immunofluorescence, flow cytometery, and immuno-transmission electron microscopy. The covalent linkages of the β-1,3-glucan to the polystyrene surface were stable after subjecting the beads to detergents. By pre-treating β-1,3-glucan beads with laminarinase, a specific β-1,3-gluconase, the reactivity of the anti-β-1,3-glucan antibody was abrogated in comparison to treatment with proteinase K indicating that the coating of these beads was predominantly β-1,3-glucan. TNF-α was also measured by stimulating bone-marrow derived macrophages with the β-1,3-glucan beads, and showed a dose dependent response compared to soluble β-glucan, insoluble β-1,3-glucan, uncoated beads, and soluble β-1,3-glucan mixed with uncoated beads. Finally, β-1,3-glucan beads were incubated with GFP-Dectin-1 expressing macrophages and imaged using confocal microscopy. β-1,3-beads were taken up within minutes and retained Dectin-1 recruitment to the phagosome as compared to uncoated beads. These data describe a unique fungal-like particle system that will permit immunologists to probe the critical steps in early recognition of pathogen-derived fungal carbohydrate antigens by innate immune cells.

Use of Fungal Derived Polysaccharide-Conjugated Particles to Probe Dectin-1 Responses in Innate Immunity

Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) has more and more applications in the fields of biology and life sciences due to its unique features of label-free and high-throughput detection and workability in physiological conditions, however it is suffering from insufficient sensitivity, especially in detecting the small molecules or low level of substances. Various methods have since been developed to improve its sensitivity, but it lacks of summary except for their working principles, setups and applications. This review is thus designed to summary the sensitivity-oriented research progresses, covering signal enhancement and/or amplification, and noise and background suppression, with chemistry-enhancing strategies as focus and non-chemistry as supplement. A brief prospect in near future is also given.

A critical review of advances in surface plasmon resonance imaging sensitivity

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2015/cc/c5cc02907d

Lectin-gated, mesoporous, photofunctionalized glyconanoparticles for glutathione-responsive drug delivery

A Universal Protocol for Photochemical Covalent Immobilization of Intact Carbohydrates for the Preparation of Carbohydrate Microarrays

Saltatory rolling circle amplification assay coupled with photosensitization method for rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella in food

The next generation of High Throughput Satellite (HTS) will exploit Q/V band for the feeder link and Ka band for the user link. The exploitation of multiple gateways (GWs) is a transmit diversity measure to compensate severe rain attenuation of Q/V band feeder links. This paper introduces a new smart gateway diversity combination scheme that combinates N-active (K = 2) and N + 1 diversity method in detail from the working principle, gateway switching strategy, evaluation of system availability and implementation complexity. In addition, a feeder link outage event prediction algorithm featuring combination scheme is given detailly based on modified time-adaptive linear regression. Compared with the existing N + P scheme, the proposed scheme can provide higher system availability and more stable user's experience under the condition of properly increasing the complexity of payload design. Compared with N-active scheme that has been reported, it is much easier to implement in engineering and more cost-effective. As a result, the combination scheme is a realistic solution based on a trade-off between performance improvement and implementation complexity.

A new multiple gateway transmit diversity technique for future satellite networks

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A Universal Protocol for Photochemical Covalent Immobilization of Intact Carbohydrates for the Preparation of Carbohydrate Microarrays

Saltatory rolling circle amplification assay coupled with photosensitization method for rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella in food

A new multiple gateway transmit diversity technique for future satellite networks