Materials fabrication with nanoscale structural precision based on bottom-up-type self-assembly has become more important in various current disciplines in chemistry including materials chemistry, ...

Layer-by-layer Nanoarchitectonics: Invention, Innovation, and Evolution

Reactions triggered by light constitute a treasure trove of unique synthetic methods that are available to chemists Photoinduced redox processes using visible light in conjunction with sensitizing dyes offer a great variety of catalytic transformations useful in the realm of organic synthesis The recent literature amply shows that this preparative toolbox is expanding substantially This review discusses historical and contemporary work in the area of photoredox catalysis with [Ru(bpy)3]2+ Elegant examples from the most recent literature document the importance of this fast developing area of research The photoredox chemistry has also emerged as a promising bond-making and bond-breaking tool for chemical biology and materials chemistry A review with 96 references

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Photoredox catalysis by [Ru(bpy)3]2+ to trigger transformations of organic molecules. Organic synthesis using visible-light photocatalysis and its 20th century roots

Keratinous materials such as wool, feathers and hooves are tough unique biological co-products that usually have high sulfur and protein contents A high cystine content (7–13%) differentiates keratins from other structural proteins, such as collagen and elastin Dissolution and extraction of keratin is a difficult process compared to other natural polymers, such as chitosan, starch, collagen, and a large-scale use of keratin depends on employing a relatively fast, cost-effective and time efficient extraction method Keratin has some inherent ability to facilitate cell adhesion, proliferation, and regeneration of the tissue, therefore keratin biomaterials can provide a biocompatible matrix for regrowth and regeneration of the defective tissue Additionally, due to its amino acid constituents, keratin can be tailored and finely tuned to meet the exact requirement of degradation, drug release or incorporation of different hydrophobic or hydrophilic tails This review discusses the various methods available for the dissolution and extraction of keratin with emphasis on their advantages and limitations The impacts of various methods and chemicals used on the structure and the properties of keratin are discussed with the aim of highlighting options available toward commercial keratin production This review also reports the properties of various keratin-based biomaterials and critically examines how these materials are influenced by the keratin extraction procedure, discussing the features that make them effective as biomedical applications, as well as some of the mechanisms of action and physiological roles of keratin Particular attention is given to the practical application of keratin biomaterials, namely addressing the advantages and limitations on the use of keratin films, 3D composite scaffolds and keratin hydrogels for tissue engineering, wound healing, hemostatic and controlled drug release

/pdf/keratin-dissolution-extraction-and-biomedical-application-3p49dr1m6f.pdf

Keratin: dissolution, extraction and biomedical application

In this article, we report a bioinspired approach to preparing stable, functional multilayer films by the integration of mussel-inspired catechol oxidative chemistry into a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. A polyanion of poly(acrylic acid-g-dopamine) (PAA-dopamine) bearing catechol groups, a mussel adhesive protein-mimetic polymer, was synthesized as the building block for LbL assembly with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). The oxidization of the incorporated catechol group under mild oxidative condition yields o-quinone, which exhibits high reactivity with amine and catechol, thus endowing the chemical covalence and retaining the assembled morphology of multilayer films. The cross-linked films showed excellent stability even in extremely acidic, basic, and highly concentrated aqueous salt solutions. The efficient chemical cross-linking allows for the production of intact free-standing films without using a sacrificial layer. Moreover, thiol-modified multilayer films with good stability were exploited b...

Mussel-Inspired Chemistry for Robust and Surface-Modifiable Multilayer Films

Covalent layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a powerful method used to construct functional ultrathin films that enables nanoscopic structural precision, componential diversity, and flexible design. Compared with conventional LbL films built using multiple noncovalent interactions, LbL films prepared using covalent crosslinking offer the following distinctive characteristics: (i) enhanced film endurance or rigidity; (ii) improved componential diversity when uncharged species or small molecules are stably built into the films by forming covalent bonds; and (iii) increased structural diversity when covalent crosslinking is employed in componential, spacial, or temporal (labile bonds) selective manners. In this review, we document the chemical methods used to build covalent LbL films as well as the film properties and applications achievable using various film design strategies. We expect to translate the achievement in the discipline of chemistry (film-building methods) into readily available techniques for materials engineers and thus provide diverse functional material design protocols to address the energy, biomedical, and environmental challenges faced by the entire scientific community.

Covalent layer-by-layer films: chemistry, design, and multidisciplinary applications

Facile fabrication of robust multilayer films: visible light-triggered chemical cross-linking by the catalysis of a ruthenium(II) complex

Multilayer fluorescent thin films based on keratin-stabilized silver nanoparticles

We prepared robust cross-linked (x-linked) multilayer films under visible light irradiation with the catalysis of a Ru(II) complex. The x-linking is achieved by the coupling reaction between phenol group and primary amine group within the self-assembled multilayer films that were prepared beforehand. Three kinds of polymers, i.e., poly(4-vinylphenol), poly(allylamine) and poly(ethyleneimine), were selected as the model system to illustrate the concept of this strategy. Upon visible light irradiation, the chemical stability of the x-linked films towards solution etching was greatly enhanced. In previous studies, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is often utilized to catalyze the C–C, C–O and C–N coupling structures, which is useful to prepare polymers, capsules and bulk hydrogels. We also tried to prepare the x-linked films by the catalysis of HRP. The comparison of the two methods suggests that the Ru(II) complex method is more ideal for fabricating x-linked films. In addition, the photo-triggered chemical reaction within the films was confirmed by the solid-state 13C NMR, XPS and FT-IR measurements. Without UV light irradiation or thermal treatment, this strategy brings many advantages. It is anticipated that this approach can be easily extended to the applications of the biological related fields in the future.

Fabrication of robust multilayer films by triggering the coupling reaction between phenol and primary amine groups with visible light irradiation.

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Facile fabrication of robust multilayer films: visible light-triggered chemical cross-linking by the catalysis of a ruthenium(II) complex

Multilayer fluorescent thin films based on keratin-stabilized silver nanoparticles

Fabrication of robust multilayer films by triggering the coupling reaction between phenol and primary amine groups with visible light irradiation.