Aromatic Amide Foldamers: Structures, Properties, and Functions

We synthesized and characterized a series of oligo(phenyl-amide-triazole)s that can fold into a helical conformation guided by halide ions. Their binding models and affinities are highly dependent on the length of the foldamer, media and the inducing capability of halide ions. The short foldamer with one helical turn shows a 1:1 binding stoichiometry to all halides, while the longer foldamer with two or three helical turns in principle can form 1:2 complexes with chloride anions even bromide anions with an enhancement on binding affinities. A result of quantitative NOE calculations imply that the longer foldamer should increase its helical pitch so as to release the electrostatic repulsion between halide ions.

Halide‐Guided Oligo(aryl‐triazole‐amide)s Foldamers: Receptors for Multiple Halide Ions

https://gmaayanlab.net.technion.ac.il/files/2012/06/Conformational-Control-in-Metallofoldamers.pdf

Conformational Control in Metallofoldamers: Design, Synthesis and Structural Properties

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution

This Personal Account summarizes the development of the design of hydrogen-bonding-driven aromatic foldamers and their applications in supramolecular chemistry. This account begins with a short, non-exhaustive description of the background in the study of hydrogen-bonded aromatic foldamers. The construction of foldamers from discrete aromatic residues, including amide, urea, hydrazide and 1,2,3-triazole units, is then described. In the following parts, the applications of such compact aromatic oligomers in supramolecular chemistry, including the development of acyclic receptors, the construction of hybrid helical sequences through intramolecular stacking, the promotion of the formation of covalently and noncovalently bonded macrocycles, the tuning of the mechanical properties of copolymers, and the regulation of the shuttling behavior of [2]rotaxanes and the controlled release of dye from reverse vesicles formed from them, are described. In the final part, the binding-induced folding of conformationally flexible aromatic amide oligomers and their self-binding are described.

Hydrogen-bonding-driven aromatic foldamers: their structural and functional evolution.

Four intramolecular hydrogen bonding-driven aromatic amide foldamers 2−5 have been designed and synthesized in which a 2-methoxy-3-nitrobenzamide unit was incorporated at the end of the backbone. Kinetic studies in dioxane−water (4:1, v/v) at 60−90 °C have revealed that the folded backbone of the oligomers was, like the rigidified spherand, able to complex Li+, Na+, and K+ and, consequently, accelerated the hydrolysis of the nitro-appended anisole unit of the foldamers. Generally, longer foldamers displayed an increased accelerating effect, and LiOH displayed the highest reactivity probably due to the most efficient complexation by the folded oligomers. Addition of excessive potassium chloride substantially reduced the complexing interaction, and the hydrolysis of the longer oligomers became slower than that of the shorter ones due to an increased steric effect. The results indicate that, even in a hot aqueous medium of high polarity, intramolecular hydrogen bonding is still able to induce structurally ma...

Hydrogen Bonding-Induced Aromatic Oligoamide Foldamers as Spherand Analogues to Accelerate the Hydrolysis of Nitro-Substituted Anisole in Aqueous Media

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Hydrogen Bonding-Induced Aromatic Oligoamide Foldamers as Spherand Analogues to Accelerate the Hydrolysis of Nitro-Substituted Anisole in Aqueous Media