Heteroatom-doped carbon materials (HDCMs) have been widely studied as some of the most prominent material candidates for use in a wide range of applications, such as batteries, supercapacitors (SCs), and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) Over the past few years, various metal-free heteroatom-doped carbon composites have been developed via integrating different heteroatoms into carbon with different nanostructures, from single-atom doping (N, P, B, S, etc) to multiple heteroatom doping (N/P/S, N/S/B, etc) For the first time, this review comprehensively analyzes the relevant features of HDCMs used in batteries, SCs, and the ORR, and provides guidance for the design of more efficient materials By controlling the content and types of heteroatom-containing reagents, not only the physical and chemical properties of the material can be adjusted, but also the specific surface area and pore volume can be increased via controlling the morphology, thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of the material Subsequently, this review summarizes the developments and the history of HDCMs, including synthesis methods, the relationship between doping (doping position and content) and performance, reaction mechanisms, and evaluations of systems In addition, the important role of oxygen doping is raised and discussed, to remind researchers not to ignore the role of oxygen in improving material properties Finally, future developments and challenges relating to key technologies in this thriving field are also discussed in this report

Untangling Respective Effects of Heteroatom-doped Carbon Materials in Batteries, Supercapacitors and ORR to Design High-Performance Materials

Review on comprehending and enhancing the initial Coulombic efficiency of anode materials in lithium-ion/sodium-ion batteries

In Situ Revealing the Electroactivity of P ? O and P ? C Bonds in Hard Carbon for High-Capacity and Long-Life Li/K-Ion Batteries

Phosphorus and Oxygen Dual-Doped Porous Carbon Spheres with Enhanced Reaction Kinetics as Anode Materials for High-Performance Potassium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors

MoS2/graphene composites: Fabrication and electrochemical energy storage

Carbon materials with high initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and specific capacity in lithium-ion batteries are highly attractive. Herein, P-doped carbon has been prepared, and as an anode for lithium-ion batteries, it exhibits remarkably improved ICE and reversible capacity. P atoms are apt for the formation of the P–O bond in carbon with oxygen-containing groups. The doped P content strongly depends on the O content in carbon. The high-doped P content of 5.79 at. % can be obtained through changing the O content in carbon. Carbon with high contents of P and O displays high ICE and capacity as an anode for lithium-ion batteries. The P–O bond in carbon changes the morphology and composition of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and is beneficial to the formation of a thin and dense SEI layer. The P–O bond in carbon prevents the permeation and decomposition of solvated PF6– in the interior of the electrode during cycling, resulting in the improved ICE, reversible capacity, and rate capability. As ...

Achieving a High-Performance Carbon Anode through the P-O Bond for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Three-dimensional MoO2@few-layered MoS2 covered by S-doped graphene aerogel for enhanced lithium ion storage

Three-dimensionally integrated carbon tubes/MoS2 with reduced graphene oxide foam as a binder-free anode for lithium ion battery

Eutrophication of water bodies due to excess ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) is harmful to aquatic organisms and human health. In this study, foundry dust (FD) from foundry industry was used to synthesize NaA zeolite to use as an adsorbent to remove NH4+-N from wastewater. Results demonstrate that FD could be successfully synthesized to form a foundry dust-based NaA zeolite (FZA) through adjustment of the silica-alumina ratio of n (SiO2)/n (Al2O3) at 2 at 95 °C. Specific surface area, total pore volume, and cation exchange capacity (CEC), and maximum adsorption NH4+-N of FZA was respectively 43.185 cm2/g, 0.0364 cm3/g, 212.35 mmol/100 g and 37.81 mg/g, which was 4.74, 1.54, 1.52 and 1.62 times as much as the NaA zeolite (SZA). FZA with higher adsorption NH4+-N capacity was related to higher specific surface area and CEC. The NH4+-N adsorption amount of 28.57 mg/g by FZA was obtained after the fourth regeneration, which was notably higher than that of SZA (23.27 mg/g). The desorption rate of NH4+-N from FZA was 87% by the fourth regeneration. FZA effectively removed NH4+-N from swine wastewater containing 153.32 mg/L NH4+-N. Results suggest that FZA could be used as absorbent to removal NH4+-N from wastewater.

Synthesis of NaA zeolite from foundry dust and its adsorption capacity of ammonia.

Selective Ion Transport in Assembled Graphene Oxide-Modified Separator and the Novel Intra-Series Architecture for Improved Aqueous Batteries

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