miR-145-5p is a microRNA whose role in diverse disorders has been verified. This miRNA is encoded by MIR145 gene on chromosome 5. This miRNA is mainly considered as a tumor suppressor miRNA in diverse types of cancers, including bladder cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, renal cancer, and gastrointestinal cancers. However, few studies have reported up-regulation of this miRNA in some cancers. Moreover, it has been shown to affect pathogenesis of a number of non-malignant conditions such as aplastic anemia, asthma, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, diabetic nephropathy, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren syndrome. In the current review, we summarize the available literature about the role of miR-145-5p in these conditions. 

Function of miRNA-145-5p in the pathogenesis of human disorders.

Objective Serum microRNAs (miRNAs) may serve as biomarkers in various cancers. Our study aims to explore the roles of miR-497 and miR-1246 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The expression levels of miR-497 and miR-1246 were measured by RT-PCR. A correlation analysis was conducted between the expression levels of miR-497 and miR-1246 and clinicopathological characteristics of patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy in HCC. In addition, bioinformatics tools were also utilized to predict the potential targets of miR-497 and miR-1246. Results The expression level of miR-497 in HCC was significantly down-regulated compared with the control group while the miR-1246 revealed a significantly higher expression level in HCC. There was a significant correlation demonstrated between the expression levels of miR-497 and miR-1246 in preoperative serum of HCC and the differentiation degree, Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) classification, and metastasis. The expression levels of serum miR-497 and miR-1246 were significantly associated with the diagnosis, prognosis, and overall survival rate of patients with HCC. Moreover, the potential target genes of miR-497 in HCC include ARL2, UBE2Q1, PHF19, APLN, CHEK1, CASK, SUCO, CCNE1, and KIF23. The low expression of these nine genes is associated with a better prognosis of HCC patients. AUTS2 is a novel target gene of miR-1246, and its low expression is significantly related to the low overall survival rate of HCC patients. Conclusions miR-497 and miR-1246 are possibly involved in the progression of HCC by regulating target genes, respectively, and could serve as biomarkers in HCC.

/pdf/expression-and-diagnostic-value-of-mir-497-and-mir-1246-in-2gouqw7a7w.pdf

Expression and Diagnostic Value of miR-497 and miR-1246 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Abstract As a common malignant tumor worldwide, the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unsatisfactory, even though treatment methods have improved. Despite the developments in traditional chemotherapy and emerging targeted immunotherapy, the problem of recurrence and metastasis of HCC and adverse effects on survival and prognosis are still serious. Drug resistance is a daunting challenge that impedes HCC treatment. Exosomes, a class of extracellular vesicles ranging in size from 30 to 100 nm, have been the focus of recent studies. Exosomes can activate various signaling pathways and regulate the tumor microenvironment with their cargo, which includes functional lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Thus, they change the phenotype of recipient cells via exosome-mediated communication. Exosomes secreted by tumors or stromal cells can also transfer drug-resistant traits to other tumor cells. However, their effects on drug resistance in HCC are not completely understood. In this review, we summarize and discuss the underlying relationship between exosomes and drug resistance in HCC. In addition, we also show that exosomes may act as candidate biomarkers for predicting and monitoring drug responses and as potential targets or vectors to reverse the drug resistance of HCC.

https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=78408

Current Perspectives on the Unique Roles of Exosomes in Drug Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Following the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO), and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) joint guidelines (2018) for the management of patients with cervical cancer, treatment decisions should be guided by modern imaging techniques. After five years (2023), an update of the ESGO-ESTRO-ESP recommendations was performed, further confirming this statement. Transvaginal/transrectal ultrasound (TRS/TVS) or pelvic magnetic resonance (MRI) enables tumor delineation and precise assessment of its local extent, including the evaluation of the depth of infiltration in the bladder- or rectal wall. Additionally, both techniques have very high specificity to confirm the presence of metastatic pelvic lymph nodes but fail to exclude them due to insufficient sensitivity to detect small-volume metastases, as in any other currently available imaging modality. In early-stage disease (T1a to T2a1, except T1b3) with negative lymph nodes on TVS/TRS or MRI, surgicopathological staging should be performed. In all other situations, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) or 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with CT (PET-CT) is recommended to assess extrapelvic spread. This paper aims to review the evidence supporting the implementation of diagnostic imaging with a focus on ultrasound at primary diagnostic workup of cervical cancer.

The Role of Imaging in Cervical Cancer Staging: ESGO/ESTRO/ESP Guidelines (Update 2023)

Background: Single-cell RNA sequencing is necessary to understand tumor heterogeneity, and the cell type heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not been fully studied. Method: We first reduced the dimensionality of the GSE149655 single-cell data. Then, we statistically analysed the subpopulations obtained by cell annotation to find the subpopulations highly enriched in tumor tissues. Monocle was used to predict the development trajectory of five subpopulations; beam was used to find the regulatory genes of five branches; qval was used to screen the key genes; and cellchart was used to analyse cell communication. Next, we used the differentially expressed genes of TCGA-LUAD to screen for overlapping genes and established a prognostic risk model through univariate and multivariate analyses. To identify the independence of the model in clinical application, univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to analyse the relevant HR, 95% CI of HR and p value. Finally, the novel biomarker genes were verified by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: The single-cell dataset GSE149655 was subjected to quality control, filtration and dimensionality reduction. Finally, 23 subpopulations were screened, and 11-cell subgroups were annotated in 23 subpopulations. Through the statistical analysis of 11 subgroups, five important subgroups were selected, including lung epithelial cells, macrophages, neuroendocrine cells, secret cells and T cells. From the analysis of cell trajectory and cell communication, it is found that the interaction of five subpopulations is very complex and that the communication between them is dense. We believe that these five subpopulations play a very important role in the occurrence and development of LUAD. Downloading the TCGA data, we screened the marker genes of these five subpopulations, which are also the differentially expressed genes in tumorigenesis, with a total of 462 genes, and constructed 10 gene prognostic risk models based on related genes. The 10-gene signature has strong robustness and can achieve stable prediction efficiency in datasets from different platforms. Two new molecular markers related to LUAD, HLA-DRB5 and CCDC50, were verified by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that HLA-DRB5 expression was negatively correlated with the risk of LUAD, and CCDC50 expression was positively correlated with the risk of LUAD. Conclusion: Therefore, we identified a prognostic risk model including CCL20, CP, HLA-DRB5, RHOV, CYP4B1, BASP1, ACSL4, GNG7, CCDC50 and SPATS2 as risk biomarkers and verified their predictive value for the prognosis of LUAD, which could serve as a new therapeutic target.

Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to explore immune cell heterogeneity and novel biomarkers for the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma

To compare the clinical application value of positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET‐CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of cervical cancer lymph node metastasis. We searched PubMed and other databases for the studies comparing the use of PET‐CT and MRI for the diagnosis of cervical cancer lymph node metastasis up to January 20, 2021. We strictly followed the inclusion and exclusion criteria to screen the literature and extract the data. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS)‐2 tool was used for quality evaluation of included studies, and Revman 5.3 and Stata 15.0 software were used for evaluating heterogeneity, synthesize sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under the curve (AUC) and comparing the pretest and posttest probabilities. Finally, 11 studies were included for meta‐analysis. The synthesized results indicated that the SEN value of PET‐CT was 0.65 (0.60 ~ 0.69) and SPE was 0.93 (0.91 ~ 0.94), and the SEN value of MRI was 0.58 (0.54 ~ 0.63) and SPE was 0.91 (0.90 ~ 0.92). AUC of PET‐CT was 0.824, which was significantly higher than that of MRI (AUC = 0.702; p < .05). The subgroup analysis showed that the AUC value of the study based on study design and use of blinding methods was not statistically significant (all p > .05). There was no obvious publication bias in the synthesized analysis of the diagnostic value of PET‐CT and MRI (all p > .05).

PET‐CT versus MRI in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer: A meta‐analysis

BACKGROUND The targeted delivery of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs by nanocarriers has become an effective way to reduce drug toxicity and improve antitumor effects. However, nanocarriers are easily recognized and cleared by the immune system after entering the body, thereby reducing their therapeutic effect. RESULTS In this work, based on the biomimetic design concept, a tumor cell membrane-coated nanoplatform (TCM/SCM/DTX) was fabricated for evading the clearance of the immune system and efficiently targeting tumor tissues to achieve efficient drug accumulation in tumor tissues. In vitro cell experiments, TCM/SCM/DTX could effectively enter prostate tumor cells and showed a good in vitro anti-tumor effect. After administration, TCM/SCM/DTX could efficiently accumulate into tumor tissue while achieving long-term blood circulation. The in vivo anti-tumor results proved its effective tumor growth inhibitory effect, and the immunohistochemical results also proved that TCM/SCM/DTX significantly reduced the tissue and organ toxicity of DTX. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the prostate tumor cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanocarriers can effectively deliver traditional chemotherapeutic drugs to prostate cancer tissue, which provides a new strategy for precise and efficient chemotherapy of prostate cancer, especially advanced prostate cancer. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). 

Cancer‐cell‐biomimetic nanoparticles for enhanced prostate cancer therapy

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the accuracy of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by a method of meta-analysis.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Embase data bases was conducted to collect literature about PET/CT diagnosing lymph node metastasis of NSCLC up to December 1, 2021. Stata 15.0 software was used for the calculation of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). The publication bias was evaluated by Deeks' funnel plot.


RESULTS
A total of 25 studies were enrolled, including 2,458 patients with NSCLC. The pooled sensitivity of PET/CT for diagnosing lymph node metastasis in NSCLC was 0.68 (95%CI: 0.61-0.75), the pooled specificity being 0.93 (95%CI: 0.89-0.95). Likelihood ratio syntheses gave an overall PLR of 9.4 (95%CI: 6.3-13.9), and NLR of 0.34 (95%CI: 0.28-0.41). The pooled DOR was 28 (95%CI: 19-40). The summary receiver operating characteristic curve showed the area under the curve of 0.88 (95%CI: 0.84-0.90).


CONCLUSION
Positron emission tomography/CT has a good value in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of NSCLC, with specificity excellent. Positron emission tomography/CT can be used as one of the main imaging diagnosis methods for lymph node metastasis in patients with NSCLC.

The diagnostic value of PET/CT for the lymph node metastasis in Asian patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis.

Spermatogenesis associated serine rich 2 (SPATS2) has been reported to contribute to the tumorigenesis of multiple malignancies. The molecular function of SPATS2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression pattern and function roles of SPATS2 in HCC. The regulation of SPATS2 expression was also explored. We found that SPATS2 was highly expressed in HCC tissues in comparison with that in adjacent normal tissues. High expression of SPATS2 was associated with vascular invasion, advanced TNM stages, tumor multiplicity, and poor survival. Functionally, SPATS2 was found to promote the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo, while knockdown of SPATS2 enhanced apoptosis and G1 arrest of HCC cells in vitro. Mechanistically, bioinformatics analysis revealed that MiR-145-5p directly targeted SPATS2 and functional rescue experiments verified that MiR-145-5p overexpression could abolish the effect of SPATS2 on the regulation of HCC malignant phenotype. Taken together, our findings suggest that SPATS2 functions as an oncogene in HCC. The MiR-145-5p/SPATS2 axis provides a novel mechanism underlying HCC progression and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.

/pdf/spats2-negatively-regulated-by-mir-145-5p-promotes-3c6tandwyg.pdf

SPATS2, negatively regulated by miR-145-5p, promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through regulating cell cycle.

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PET‐CT versus MRI in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer: A meta‐analysis

Cancer‐cell‐biomimetic nanoparticles for enhanced prostate cancer therapy

The diagnostic value of PET/CT for the lymph node metastasis in Asian patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis.

SPATS2, negatively regulated by miR-145-5p, promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through regulating cell cycle.