Enhancing soil moisture estimation in alfalfa root-zone using UAV-based multimodal remote sensing and deep learning

Comparison between artificial restoration and natural recovery in vegetation regrowth following high-frequency fire disturbances in the Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China

Drought poses a significant threat to the sustainability of ecosystems, particularly in regions like Southwest China, where it has been observed to substantially reduce the annual cumulative carbon uptake (ACCU). Understanding the mechanisms driving this reduction is therefore crucial for effective ecosystem management. To address this issue, this study decomposed ACCU into three indicators, i.e., start of the growing season (SOS), end of the growing season (EOS), and peak gross primary productivity (GPPmax), through the Statistical Model of Integrated Phenology and Physiology (SMIPP), and explored the response of ACCU to drought. The results revealed that phenology (SOS and EOS) and physiology (GPPmax) components collectively captured 74% of the variation in ACCU, confirming the applicability of the SMIPP model in Southwest China. Among the three indicators, GPPmax contributes to ACCU more than the two phenological indicators. We also found that, from 2001 to 2020, drought decreased ACCU by 65.58 Tg C through delying SOS, by 21.47 Tg C through advancing EOS, but increased ACCU by 11.15 Tg C through increasing GPPmax, resulting in a net loss of 75.90 Tg C in ACCU. Our findings highlight the predominant negative impact of drought on ACCU, achieved primarily through alterations in phenology. Overall, this study quantified the respective contributions of phenology and physiology in the response of ACCU to drought, and would inform the prediction of ACCU of ecosystems under future drought in Southwest China. 

Drought decreased annual cumulative carbon uptake in Southwest China mainly through its influence on phenology rather than physiology

Being an essential issue in global warming, the response of urban vegetation to climate change and urbanization has become an increasing concern at both the local and global levels. This study aims to investigate the effect of the urban environment on vegetation phenology for the Bucharest metropolitan area in Romania and to identify the potential climate drivers that influence key phenology in the urban environment. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the response of urban vegetation phenology shifts due to climate variability and urbanization in the Bucharest metropolitan area from a spatiotemporal perspective during the 2002- 2022 period. Through synergy use of time series of the main climate variables, Air temperature -AT, land surface temperature (LST), and biophysical variables derived from MODIS Terra/Aqua satellite and in-situ data, this study developed a complex statistical and spatial regression analysis. Green space was measured with satellite-derived vegetation indicators Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Net Primary Production (NPP) data, which captures the combined availability of urban parks, street trees, forest, and periurban agricultural areas. Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) indicators have been used to characterize the effects of meteorological parameters and urbanization impacts on vegetation phenology and their changes. The results show that the response of vegetation phenology to urbanization level and climate parameters variability has a distinct spatiotemporal difference across the urban/periurban gradient. The findings of this study show that the land surface temperature anomalies associated with urbanization-induced climate warming, especially during strong summer heat waves and under urban heat islands alter urban vegetation biophysical properties, directly impacting its phenology shifts. At the metropolitan scale, the urban thermal environment directly impacts vegetation phenology patterns. The quantitative findings of this study are of great importance for understanding the complex impacts of urbanization and climate changes on vegetation phenology and for developing models to predict vegetation phenological changes under future urbanization. 

Effects of Climate Change and Urbanization on Vegetation Phenology in the Bucharest Metropolitan Area

Warming, elevated CO2 and drought in combination amplify shifts in canopy greenness dynamics in managed grassland

Tracking autumn photosynthetic phenology on Tibetan plateau grassland with the green–red vegetation index

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Tracking autumn photosynthetic phenology on Tibetan plateau grassland with the green–red vegetation index