Trash to treasure: Sulfonation-assisted transformation of waste masks into high-performance carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries

Electrocatalytic C-N coupling process is indeed a sustainable alternative for direct urea synthesis and co-upgrading of carbon dioxide and nitrate wastes. However, the main challenge lies in the unactivated C-N coupling process. Here, we proposed a strategy of intermediate assembly with alkali metal cations to activate C-N coupling at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Urea synthesis activity follows the trend of Li+ < Na+ < Cs+ < K+. In the presence of K+, a world-record performance was achieved with a urea yield rate of 212.8±10.6 mmol h-1 g-1 on a single-atom Co supported TiO2 catalyst at -0.80 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Theoretical calculations and operando synchrotron-radiation Fourier transform infrared measurements revealed that the energy barriers of C-N coupling were significantly decreased via K+ mediated intermediate assembly. By applying this strategy to various catalysts, we demonstrate that intermediate assembly at the electrode/electrolyte interface is a universal approach to boost sustainable urea synthesis.

A Universal Approach for Sustainable Urea Synthesis via Intermediate Assembly at the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface.

Different dimensional (0D–3D) carbon materials with tailorable compositions and nanostructures have attracted widespread attention and are promising for a wide range of applications in energy storage, adsorption, and catalysis. Lignin, as a typical renewable, low-cost, highly aromatic, and high carbon content bio-component, presents compelling potential in the preparation of multifunctional carbon materials. Currently, numerous lignin-derived carbon materials in different dimensions have been developed successfully. Moreover, by structural design and surface modification, lignin-derived carbon materials with desirable properties can be obtained. This work presents a comprehensive overview on the preparation techniques employed for lignin-derived carbon materials as well as the configurations and applications of the obtained lignin-derived carbon materials. First, advances in cutting-edge research on the preparation of lignin-derived carbon materials (pyrolysis-activation and template methods) are summarized. When lignin is used as a carbon precursor, carbon materials with different dimensions such as 0D, 1D, 2D, or 3D with complex compositions (e.g., heteroatom doping or metal loading) can be prepared. Additionally, the applications of lignin-derived carbon materials for energy storage, adsorption and catalysis are reviewed. Finally, prospects and potential challenges in designing and developing lignin-derived carbon materials are discussed in depth. 

Lignin-derived 0–3 dimensional carbon materials: Synthesis, configurations and applications

Interface engineering of Co9S8/SnS heterostructure as a high-performance anode for lithium/sodium-ion batteries

Lithium ion micro capacitors (LIMCs) demonstrate competitive advantages of simultaneously high energy/power densities and long cycle life over many other micro supercapacitors and micro batteries. However, these performances are significantly determined by the carbon anode with fast Li+ storage kinetics. Herein, a design strategy at the precursor side of a typical porous aromatic framework‐5 (PAF‐5) from the carbon bonding levels is proposed, and coupling with the post pyrolysis, the sp2/sp3 domains ratio, interlayer spacing, and pore structure of derived carbons can be synergistically balanced. The inherited sp2 domains and porous structure from PAF‐5 endow the derived carbon with high electron transport capability and fast Li+ adsorption capacity. Meanwhile, the developed sp3 domains and enlarged interlayer spacing also enable abundant and fast Li+ intercalation contribution, giving rise to a superior rate capability (141.9 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1) that is 13 times better than a commercial graphite anode. A flexible LIMCs based on this carbon anode are fabricated, and simultaneously high energy/power densities (71.1 mWh cm−3/1.9 W cm−3), long cycle life (94.7% after 6,000 cycles), and flexibility are achieved, demonstrating a great feasibility of designed PAFs as the trimmed carbon anode precursors for high performance Li+ storage.

Fast Kinetic Carbon Anode Inherited and Developed from Architectural Designed Porous Aromatic Framework for Flexible Lithium Ion Micro Capacitors

Synergistical heterointerface engineering of Fe-Se nanocomposite for high-performance sodium-ion hybrid capacitors

To develop quick‐charge sodium‐ion battery, it is significant to optimize insertion‐type anode to afford fast Na+ diffusion rate and excellent electron conductivity. First‐principles calculations reveal the TiO subcompound superiority for Na+ diffusion following Ti(II)O > Ti(III)O > Ti(IV)O. Hence, in situ growth of amorphous TiO subcompounds with rich oxygen defects based on Ti3C2Tx‐MXene is developed. Meanwhile, the composite presents expanded MXene interlayer spacing and much enhanced conductivity. The synergistic effect of enhanced electron/ion conduction gives a high capacity of 107 mAh g−1 at 50 A g−1, which gives 50% and 150% increasements compared with one counterpart without valence adjustment and another one without MXene expansion. It only needs 20 s (at 30 A g−1) to complete the discharge/charge process and obtains a capacity of 144.5 mAh g−1, which also shows a long‐term cycling stability at quick‐charge mode (121 mAh g−1 after 10000 cycles at 10 A g−1). The enhanced performance comes from fast electron transfer among TiO subcompounds contributed by rich‐defect amorphous TiO2–x, and a reversible change of elastic MXene with interlayer spacing between 1.4 and 1.9 nm during Na+ insertion/extraction process. This study provides a feasible route to boost the kinetics and develop quick‐charge sodium‐ion battery.

Optimized TiO Subcompounds and Elastic Expanded MXene Interlayers Boost Quick Sodium Storage Performance

3D ordered hierarchically porous carbon derived from colloidal crystal templates towards alkali metal-ion batteries

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Synergistical heterointerface engineering of Fe-Se nanocomposite for high-performance sodium-ion hybrid capacitors

Optimized TiO Subcompounds and Elastic Expanded MXene Interlayers Boost Quick Sodium Storage Performance

3D ordered hierarchically porous carbon derived from colloidal crystal templates towards alkali metal-ion batteries