This article summarises expert discussion on the management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which took place during the 24th World Gastrointestinal Cancer Congress (WGICC) in Barcelona, July 2022. A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory to ensure an optimal diagnosis and staging of HCC, planning of curative and therapeutic options, including surgical, embolisation, ablative strategies, or systemic therapy. Furthermore, in many patients with HCC, underlying liver cirrhosis represents a challenge and influences the therapeutic options. 

http://www.esmoopen.com/article/S2059702923007986/pdf

The management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Current expert opinion and recommendations derived from the 24th ESMO/World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer, Barcelona, 2022

Diagnosis and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury

Suicidal ideation has been linked to a bias toward interpreting ambiguous information in consistently less positive or more negative manners (positive/negative interpretation bias), implying that i

Inflexible Interpretations of Ambiguous Social Situations: A Novel Predictor of Suicidal Ideation and the Beliefs that Inspire It

Since the first approval for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma more than a decade ago, immunotherapy has completely transformed the treatment landscape of this chemotherapy-resistant disease. Combination regimens including ICIs directed against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) with anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) agents or, more recently, anti-lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) agents, have gained regulatory approvals for the treatment of metastatic cutaneous melanoma, with long-term follow-up data suggesting the possibility of cure for some patients with advanced disease. In the resectable setting, adjuvant ICIs prolong recurrence-free survival, and neoadjuvant strategies are an active area of investigation. Other immunotherapy strategies, such as oncolytic virotherapy for injectable cutaneous melanoma and bispecific T-cell engager therapy for HLA-A*02:01 genotype-positive uveal melanoma, are also available to patients. Despite the remarkable efficacy of these regimens for many patients with cutaneous melanoma, traditional immunotherapy biomarkers (ie, programmed death-ligand 1 expression, tumor mutational burden, T-cell infiltrate and/or microsatellite stability) have failed to reliably predict response. Furthermore, ICIs are associated with unique toxicity profiles, particularly for the highly active combination of anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 agents. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a panel of experts to develop this clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of melanoma, including rare subtypes of the disease (eg, uveal, mucosal), with the goal of improving patient care by providing guidance to the oncology community. Drawing from published data and clinical experience, the Expert Panel developed evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for healthcare professionals using immunotherapy to treat melanoma, with topics including therapy selection in the advanced and perioperative settings, intratumoral immunotherapy, when to use immunotherapy for patients with BRAFV600-mutated disease, management of patients with brain metastases, evaluation of treatment response, special patient populations, patient education, quality of life, and survivorship, among others.

Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of melanoma, version 3.0.

Targeted drug delivery is one of the attractive ways in which cancer treatment can significantly reduce side effects. In the last two decades, the use of antibodies as a tool for accurate detection of cancer has been noted. On the other hand, the binding of drugs and carriers containing drugs to the specific antibodies of cancer cells can specifically target only these cells. However, the use of whole antibodies brings challenges, including their large size, the complexity of conjugation, the high cost of production, and the creation of immunogenic reactions in the body. The use of nanobodies, or VHHs, which are a small part of camel heavy chain antibodies, is very popular due to their small size, high craftsmanship, and low production cost. In this article, in addition to a brief overview of the structure and characteristics of nanobodies, the use of this molecule in the targeted drug delivery of breast cancer has been reviewed. 

Targeted drug delivery using nanobodies to deliver effective molecules to breast cancer cells: the most attractive application of nanobodies

Immune checkpoint inhibitors in kidney transplant recipients: a multicentre, single-arm, phase 1 study.

Purpose: Previous studies have observed cognitive inflexibility in depressed patients may be associated with suicide risk, gaps exist in knowledge of cognitive flexibility in different gradations of suicidal ideation (SI). This study examined whether cognitive flexibility differed between depressed patients with passive and active SI. Methods: Depressed patients currently experiencing a major depressive episode with either passive (n = 35) or active (n = 18) SI completed assessments of cognitive flexibility using perseverative errors of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST-PE). Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for cognitive flexibility (WCST-PE) between active and passive SI patients after adjustment for gender, age, diagnostic composition, and depression severity. Results: Patients with active SI are associated with greater cognitive inflexibility compared to passive SI after adjusting for other covariates (OR: 1.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.58, p=0.04). Conclusions: This study found that patients with active SI are associated with greater cognitive inflexibility than those with passive SI, which can provide insight into improved prevention.

/pdf/difference-in-cognitive-flexibility-between-passive-and-14sgbcckq0.pdf

Difference in Cognitive Flexibility between Passive and Active Suicidal Ideation in Patients with Depression

To report treatment patterns and survival outcomes of patients with relapsed and refractory metastatic germ cell tumours (GCTs) treated with high‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous stem‐cell transplantation in low‐volume specialized centres within the widely dispersed populations of Australia and New Zealand between 1999 and 2019.

High‐dose chemotherapy for relapsed germ cell tumours: outcomes in low‐volume specialized centres

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Papers

Immune checkpoint inhibitors in kidney transplant recipients: a multicentre, single-arm, phase 1 study.

Difference in Cognitive Flexibility between Passive and Active Suicidal Ideation in Patients with Depression

High‐dose chemotherapy for relapsed germ cell tumours: outcomes in low‐volume specialized centres