Sharks and marine batoids management in Colombia: Policy instruments, management duty and implications for their populations and stakeholders

Historically, small-scale fisheries (SSFs) have largely been overlooked by fisheries scientists and management authorities at national and international levels [...]

/pdf/diagnosis-and-management-of-small-scale-and-data-limited-12hqm5ph.pdf

Diagnosis and Management of Small-Scale and Data-Limited Fisheries



Understanding fisheries requires not only traditional modelling approaches but also the incorporation of local ecological knowledge (LEK) which can provide other types of essential contextualizing knowledge.
Recreational anglers within the cobia fishery on the east coast of central and northern Florida target cobia by seeking out the manta rays cobia often follow and associate with, and casting at or near them. Results suggest this fishery poses a threat of entanglement, injury and disturbance to mantas in the region, especially associated with the practices and behaviours of inexperienced anglers.
Expert angler responses in interviews described changes in manta and cobia habitat use and reductions in cobia abundance
Experienced anglers pointed to social media as a key driver of the expansion of this fishery and as an explanation for their perception of the growing presence of novice anglers engaged in these practices. Respondents proposed best practices and potential management interventions and generally supported conservation action, including through willingness to engage with researchers and support management and enforcement measures related to the fishery.


Perceptions regarding the recreational cobia fishery in relation to manta ray conservation

While data on fisheries, in general, may be limited, demographic models provide a valuable tool for gaining insights into population dynamics when a more comprehensive understanding is not feasible. Demographic models may be used in the study of population dynamics because they only require life history parameters. We performed a quantitative population projection on the basis of expert knowledge, estimated mortality, and published information on the life history of two hammerhead shark species, smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) and scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini), and we conducted an elasticity analysis determine the sensitivity of each life stage to the population growth rate. This study highlights the overexploitation challenges faced by these two ecologically important and vulnerable species and emphasizes the need to reduce fishing mortality is crucial to achieving population growth. To increase the accuracy of demographic estimates for these species, it is necessary to conduct further investigations into their natural mortality and reproductive traits. The approach used in this study can be applied to other shark species across a diverse range of taxa with limited data on catch and effort. Moreover, this method is easy to use and interpret and can be used to predict future population size for data-limited species. 

Estimation of the population status of smooth hammerhead shark (Sphyrna zygaena) and scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean: A data-limited approach

The class Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays and chimeras) is one of the three lineages of fishes and the most evolutionary distinct radiation of vertebrates [...].

/pdf/editorial-sharks-and-skates-ecology-distribution-and-sw3oa61w.pdf

Editorial: Sharks and Skates—Ecology, Distribution and Conservation

Chondrichthyan fishes are among the most threatened vertebrates on the planet because many species have slow life histories that are outpaced by intense fishing. The Western Central Atlantic Ocean, which includes the Greater Caribbean, is a hotspot of chondrichthyan biodiversity and abundance, but has been characterized by extensive shark and ray fisheries and a lack of sufficient data for effective management and conservation. To inform future research and management decisions, we analysed patterns in chondrichthyan extinction risk, reconstructed catches and management engagement in this region. We summarized the extinction risk of 180 sharks, rays and chimaeras, including 66 endemic and 14 near-endemic species, using contemporary IUCN Red List assessments. Over one-third (35.6%) were assessed as Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered, primarily due to overfishing. Reconstructed catches from 1950 to 2016 peaked in 1992, then declined by 40.2% thereafter. The United States, Venezuela and Mexico were responsible for most catches in the region and hosted the largest proportions of the regional distributions of threatened species, largely due to having extensive coastal habitats in their Exclusive Economic Zones. The quantity and taxonomic resolution of fisheries landings data were poor in much of the region, and national-level regulations varied widely across jurisdictions. Deepwater fisheries represent an emerging threat, although many deepwater chondrichthyans currently have refuge beyond the depths of most fisheries. Regional collaboration as well as effective and enforceable management informed by more complete fisheries data, particularly from small-scale fisheries, are required to protect and recover threatened species and ensure sustainable fisheries. 

/pdf/extinction-risk-reconstructed-catches-and-management-of-1nl29ls3.pdf

Extinction risk, reconstructed catches and management of chondrichthyan fishes in the Western Central Atlantic Ocean

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Extinction risk, reconstructed catches and management of chondrichthyan fishes in the Western Central Atlantic Ocean