Recently, antimony chalcogenide solar cells including Sb2S3, Sb2Se3, and Sb2(S,Se)3 have obtained considerable progress, with efficiency up to 7.5%, 9.2%, and 7.82%, respectively, and the efficienc...

Open-Circuit Voltage Loss of Antimony Chalcogenide Solar Cells: Status, Origin, and Possible Solutions

The Internet of Things (IoT) provides everyday objects and environments with “intelligence” and data connectivity to improve quality of life and the efficiency of a wide range of human activities. However, the ongoing exponential growth of the IoT device ecosystem—up to tens of billions of units to date—poses a challenge regarding how to power such devices. This Progress Report discusses how energy harvesting can address this challenge. It then discusses how indoor photovoltaics (IPV) constitutes an attractive energy harvesting solution, given its deployability, reliability, and power density. For IPV to provide an eco‐friendly route to powering IoT devices, it is crucial that its underlying materials and fabrication processes are low‐toxicity and not harmful to the environment over the product life cycle. A range of IPV technologies—both incumbent and emerging—developed to date is discussed, with an emphasis on their environmental sustainability. Finally, IPV based on emerging lead‐free perovskite‐inspired absorbers are examined, highlighting their status and prospects for low‐cost, durable, and efficient energy harvesting that is not harmful to the end user and environment. By examining emerging avenues for eco‐friendly IPV, timely insight is provided into promising directions toward IPV that can sustainably power the IoT revolution.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/aenm.202100698

Emerging Indoor Photovoltaic Technologies for Sustainable Internet of Things

Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) is a kind of emerging light-harvesting material with excellent stability and abundant elemental storage. Due to the quasi-one-dimensional symmetry, theoretical investigations have pointed out that there exist complicated defect properties. However, there is no experimental verification on the defect property. Here, we conduct optical deep-level transient spectroscopy to investigate defect properties in Sb2S3 and show that there are maximum three kinds of deep-level defects observed, depending on the composition of Sb2S3. We also find that the Sb-interstitial (Sbi) defect does not show critical influence on the carrier lifetime, indicating the high tolerance of the one-dimensional crystal structure where the space of (Sb4S6)n ribbons is able to accommodate impurities to certain extent. This study provides basic understanding on the defect properties of quasi-one-dimensional materials and a guidance for the efficiency improvement of Sb2S3 solar cells. Antimony trisulfide emerges as a suitable candidate for light-harvesting due to its good stability and abundance, yet the defect properties are not well-understood. Here, by means of deep-level transient spectroscopy, Lian et al. find that there are three kinds of deep-level defects depending on the chemical composition.

/pdf/revealing-composition-and-structure-dependent-deep-level-zo7q2j26r9.pdf

Revealing composition and structure dependent deep-level defect in antimony trisulfide photovoltaics.

Wide Bandgap Sb2S3 Solar Cells

The orientation of low-dimensional crystal-structural (LDCS) films significantly affects the performance of photoelectric devices, particularly in vertical conducting devices such as solar cells and light-emitting diodes. According to film growth theory, the initial seeds determine the final orientation of the film. Ruled by the minimum energy principle, lying (chains or layers parallel to the substrate) seeds bonding with the substrate through van der Waals forces are easier to form than standing (chains or layers perpendicular to the substrate) seeds bonding with the substrate by a covalent bond. Utilizing high substrate temperature to re-evaporate the lying seeds and preserve the standing seeds, the orientation of 1D crystal-structural Sb2 Se3 is successfully controlled. Guided by this seed screening model, highly [211]- and [221]-oriented Sb2 Se3 films on an inert TiO2 substrate are obtained; consequently, a record efficiency of 7.62% in TiO2 /Sb2 Se3 solar cells is achieved. This universal model of seed screening provides an effective method for orientation control of other LDCS films.

Orientation Engineering in Low‐Dimensional Crystal‐Structural Materials via Seed Screening

Reduced Graphene Oxide Loaded with Magnetic Nanoparticles for Tunable Low Frequency Microwave Absorption

The invention discloses an electrostatic dynamic adjustable reflective zoom metasurface lens and a preparation method thereof, which belong to the field of dynamic adjustable metasurfaces. The lens comprises a glass substrate, an ITO film, an antenna, an air gap, a support structure, a silicon nitride film, a silicon frame and a gold backplane. The antenna is used for phase regulation of incidentlight. The air gap is used for providing a space for deformation of the gold backplane, and the maximum deformation of the gold backplane is one third of the thickness of the air gap. The support structure is used for forming the air gap. The gold backplane used as a positive electrode and the ITO film used as a negative electrode form an electrostatic MEMS system, and the gold backplane is a movable electrode and is used for achieving protruding deformation of different degrees under voltage regulation and control. The geometric parameters of the antenna are acquired according to the initialfocal length required by the metasurface lens, the incident light wavelength and the generalized Snell law. The focal length of the static metasurface lens can be adjusted by changing the voltage between the ITO film and the gold backplane, so that the yield is increased.

Electrostatic dynamic adjustable reflective zoom metasurface lens and preparation method thereof

Quasiepitaxy Strategy for Efficient Full-Inorganic Sb 2 S 3 Solar Cells

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Reduced Graphene Oxide Loaded with Magnetic Nanoparticles for Tunable Low Frequency Microwave Absorption

Electrostatic dynamic adjustable reflective zoom metasurface lens and preparation method thereof

Quasiepitaxy Strategy for Efficient Full-Inorganic Sb 2 S 3 Solar Cells