The fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor has very promising applications in environmental monitoring, biochemical sensing, and medical diagnosis, due to the superiority of high sensitivity and novel label-free microstructure. However, the influence of ambient temperature is inevitable in practical sensing applications, and even the higher the sensitivity, the greater the influence. Therefore, how to eliminate temperature interference in the sensing process has become one of the hot issues of this research field in recent years, and some accomplishments have been achieved. This paper mainly reviews the research results on temperature self-compensating fiber-optic surface plasmon sensors. Firstly, it introduces the mechanism of a temperature self-compensating fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor. Then, the latest development of temperature self-compensated sensor is reviewed from the perspective of various fiber-optic sensing structures. Finally, this paper discusses the most recent applications and development prospects of temperature self-compensated fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensors.

/pdf/research-advances-on-fiber-optic-spr-sensors-with-2x6ehb1w.pdf

Research Advances on Fiber-Optic SPR Sensors with Temperature Self-Compensation

The continuous and real-time measurement of few targets that include glucose, lactose, and oxygen provide more control on disease and reduced side effects has triggered the research in biosensing field. The development of new amplification technologies, nanomaterials synthesis and gene editing technologies such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR), phages make the biosensor more sensitive, lower the detection limit and increases the accuracy. In this review, an overview of the advancement in various optical sensing techniques for the pathogenic bacteria detection (PathoBactD) having very small size of few μm is discussed in detail. Optical biosensor techniques involve fluorescence, plasmonic sensors: surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and Localized (L) SPR, colorimetric, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and interference that include Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), Fabry-Perot and Michelson interferometer based biosensors. The new binding receptors, ligands, and advancements in physicochemical methods in nanomaterials synthesis that enhances the performance of sensor have been explored for the PathoBactD. These performance-enhanced strategies are able for the PathoBactD with high accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, low cost and small detection time. This article also summarized the various improvements in sensing techniques and different types of PathoBactD. Various limitations, difficulties and achievement to transfer the optical sensors in clinical diagnosis, wearable technologies and near-patient testing applications are discussed. 

Trends, challenges, and advances in optical sensing for detection of pathogenic bacteria (PathoBact)

A label-free fiber ring laser biosensor for ultrahigh sensitivity detection of Salmonella Typhimurium

Over the last 20 years, optical fiber-based devices have been exploited extensively in the field of biochemical sensing, with applications in many specific areas such as the food processing industry, environmental monitoring, health diagnosis, bioengineering, disease diagnosis, and the drug industry due to their compact, label-free, and highly sensitive detection. The selective and accurate detection of biochemicals is an essential part of biosensing devices, which is to be done through effective functionalization of highly specific recognition agents, such as enzymes, DNA, receptors, etc., over the transducing surface. Among many optical fiber-based sensing technologies, optical fiber interferometry-based biosensors are one of the broadly used methods with the advantages of biocompatibility, compact size, high sensitivity, high-resolution sensing, lower detection limits, operating wavelength tunability, etc. This Review provides a comprehensive review of the fundamentals as well as the current advances in developing optical fiber interferometry-based biochemical sensors. In the beginning, a generic biosensor and its several components are introduced, followed by the fundamentals and state-of-art technology behind developing a variety of interferometry-based fiber optic sensors. These include the Mach–Zehnder interferometer, the Michelson interferometer, the Fabry–Perot interferometer, the Sagnac interferometer, and biolayer interferometry (BLI). Further, several technical reports are comprehensively reviewed and compared in a tabulated form for better comparison along with their advantages and disadvantages. Further, the limitations and possible solutions for these sensors are discussed to transform these in-lab devices into commercial industry applications. At the end, in conclusion, comments on the prospects of field development toward the commercialization of sensor technology are also provided. The Review targets a broad range of audiences including beginners and also motivates the experts helping to solve the real issues for developing an industry-oriented sensing device.

Label-Free Biochemical Sensing Using Processed Optical Fiber Interferometry: A Review

Analytical devices for bacterial detection are an integral part of modern laboratory medicine, as they permit the early diagnosis of diseases and their timely treatment. Therefore, special attention is directed to the development of and improvements in monitoring and diagnostic methods, including biosensor-based ones. A promising direction in the development of bacterial detection methods is optical sensor systems based on colorimetric and fluorescence techniques, the surface plasmon resonance, and the measurement of orientational effects. This review shows the detecting capabilities of these systems and the promise of electro-optical analysis for bacterial detection. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of optical sensor systems and the prospects for their further improvement.

Optical Sensors for Bacterial Detection

A new double-taper microfiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) biosensor is applied for <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> (<italic>S. aureus</italic>) detection. The microfiber MZI structure is fabricated by creating two tapers along a traditional single mode fiber (SMF) firstly and tapering the SMF sandwiched between two tapers into very small diameter (in the order of micrometers). The measured refractive index (RI) sensitivity of the microfiber MZI is up to 2731.1 nm/RIU in the RI range of 1.34 when the taper waist diameter was <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10.2 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which is in good agreement with numerical simulation results by using the beam propagation method (BPM). The microfiber MZI functionalized with pig immunoglobulin (pig IgG) could be used to specifically binding to <italic>S. aureus</italic>. In experiment, the maximum wavelength shift of 1.408 nm was achieved when the microfiber biosensors were immersed into <italic>S. aureus</italic> with concentration of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7\times 10^{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CFU/mL. The limit of detection (LoD) of the microfiber biosensor for <italic>S. aureus</italic> is calculated as low as 11 CFU/mL. The proposed microfiber MZI biosensor has advantages of simple structure configuration, high sensitivity, good repeatability and specificity, wide detection range and fast detection response time (< 30 minutes) and thus was demonstrated a good application prospect in food safety inspection, biochemical sensing, diseases and medical diagnostics.

/pdf/tapered-microfiber-mzi-biosensor-for-highly-sensitive-p8fc1quy.pdf

Tapered Microfiber MZI Biosensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Staphylococcus Aureus

A long-period fiber grating (LPFG) structure based on D-shaped fiber is proposed, where a graphene oxide (GO) film layer is deposited on the fiber by the dipping method to jointly construct a new humidity sensor. The D-shaped fiber structure can provide a stronger evanescent field than conventional fibers, and therefore offer much higher sensitivity. The maximum average sensitivity achieved by the sensor in the range of ambient humidity of 20-80% RH (relative humidity) is -0.1908 nm/% RH, and the linearity is 0.998. The experimental results show that the humidity sensor has higher response sensitivity, and improved linear response characteristics. It provides a beneficial exploration for the development of low-cost, easy-to-manufacture, and highly sensitive fiber-optic humidity sensors.

Study on fabrication and sensing characteristics of a D-shaped fiber long-period fiber grating

A novel side-polished long-period fiber grating (LPFG) sensor was proposed and experimentally validated. Side-polished can provide a stronger evanescent field than traditional grating and bring superior sensitivity. The greater the side-polished depth, the higher the refractive index (RI) sensitivity. When <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d = 44\,\,\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the RI sensitivity reached 466.85 nm/RIU in the range of 1.3330–1.3580, which is fourfold higher than the LPFG prepared by the electric-arc discharge (EAD) method. A graphene oxide (GO) nano-film is coated on the LPFG to make it realize high sensitivity relative humidity (RH) sensing. Humidity sensitivity reached −0.193 nm/%RH in the range of 40%–80% RH. In addition, side-polished breaks the symmetry of the distribution of the cross-sectional light field, which determines the ability to achieve vector curvature measurement. It shows good sensing performance in the same/opposite bending direction as the side polished surface. When the input light polarization is 90°, the average sensitivity reaches 5.03 and −5.9 nm/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the range of 0–19.67 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. This strongly indicates that the fabricated sensors show high sensitivity, low-cost materials, and robust performance and break the limitations of the EDA method to prepare gratings, which have good application potential for biomedicine and the field of construction.

Long-Period Fiber Grating Based on Side-Polished Optical Fiber and Its Sensing Application

Temperature-Independent Relative Humidity Sensing Properties of polymer Micro-bottle Resonators Coated with Graphene Oxide

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Tapered Microfiber MZI Biosensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Staphylococcus Aureus

Study on fabrication and sensing characteristics of a D-shaped fiber long-period fiber grating

Long-Period Fiber Grating Based on Side-Polished Optical Fiber and Its Sensing Application

Temperature-Independent Relative Humidity Sensing Properties of polymer Micro-bottle Resonators Coated with Graphene Oxide