Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics in healthcare heralds a new era of medical innovation, promising enhanced diagnostics, streamlined processes, and improved patient care. However, this technological revolution is accompanied by intricate ethical implications that demand meticulous consideration. This article navigates the complex ethical terrain surrounding AI and robotics in healthcare, delving into specific dimensions and providing strategies and best practices for ethical navigation. Privacy and data security are paramount concerns, necessitating robust encryption and anonymization techniques to safeguard patient data. Responsible data handling practices, including decentralized data sharing, are critical to preserve patient privacy. Algorithmic bias poses a significant challenge, demanding diverse datasets and ongoing monitoring to ensure fairness. Transparency and explainability in AI decision-making processes enhance trust and accountability. Clear responsibility frameworks are essential to address the accountability of manufacturers, healthcare institutions, and professionals. Ethical guidelines, regularly updated and accessible to all stakeholders, guide decision-making in this dynamic landscape. Moreover, the societal implications of AI and robotics extend to accessibility, equity, and societal trust. Strategies to bridge the digital divide and ensure equitable access must be prioritized. Global collaboration is pivotal in developing adaptable regulations and addressing legal challenges like liability and intellectual property. Ethics must remain at the forefront in the ever-evolving realm of healthcare technology. By embracing these strategies and best practices, healthcare systems and professionals can harness the potential of AI and robotics, ensuring responsible and ethical integration that benefits patients while upholding the highest ethical standards.

Ethical implications of AI and robotics in healthcare: A review

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a crucial tool in healthcare with the primary aim of improving patient outcomes and optimizing healthcare delivery. By harnessing machine learning algorithms, natural language processing, and computer vision, AI enables the analysis of complex medical data. The integration of AI into healthcare systems aims to support clinicians, personalize patient care, and enhance population health, all while addressing the challenges posed by rising costs and limited resources. As a subdivision of computer science, AI focuses on the development of advanced algorithms capable of performing complex tasks that were once reliant on human intelligence. The ultimate goal is to achieve human-level performance with improved efficiency and accuracy in problem-solving and task execution, thereby reducing the need for human intervention. Various industries, including engineering, media/entertainment, finance, and education, have already reaped significant benefits by incorporating AI systems into their operations. Notably, the healthcare sector has witnessed rapid growth in the utilization of AI technology. Nevertheless, there remains untapped potential for AI to truly revolutionize the industry. It is important to note that despite concerns about job displacement, AI in healthcare should not be viewed as a threat to human workers. Instead, AI systems are designed to augment and support healthcare professionals, freeing up their time to focus on more complex and critical tasks. By automating routine and repetitive tasks, AI can alleviate the burden on healthcare professionals, allowing them to dedicate more attention to patient care and meaningful interactions. However, legal and ethical challenges must be addressed when embracing AI technology in medicine, alongside comprehensive public education to ensure widespread acceptance.

Transformative Potential of AI in Healthcare: Definitions, Applications, and Navigating the Ethical Landscape and Public Perspectives

In recent years, social media influencers (SMIs) have become part of the strategic communication of firms because the traditional form of mass media communication is losing its effectiveness. Thus, it is imperative to study the effects of communication through SMIs on marketing outcomes, such as purchase intentions. Based on the fairness dimensions, that is, information, distributive, interpersonal, and procedural, and dimensions of source credibility, that is, attractiveness, expertise, trustworthiness, and similarity, this research investigated how technology-oriented SMIs (T-SMIs) foster parasocial relationships (PSRs) with followers. Purposive sampling was employed to collect data from 506 active social media users. Data were analysed through IBM AMOS and SPSS 26. The results of the study suggested that attractiveness, expertise, trustworthiness, similarity, interpersonal, procedural, and information fairness are positively related to fostering PSR with followers. In contrast, distributive fairness does not strengthen PSR with followers; furthermore, the study findings suggested an indirect positive influence of attractiveness, expertise, trustworthiness, similarity, interpersonal, procedural, and information fairness on the purchase intentions of consumers via PSR. This study is useful for academia and industry since it fills important gaps in the literature and provides recommendations to brand managers of technology companies about selecting appropriate SMIs for the endorsement of their brands. 

How do social media influencers inspire consumers' purchase decisions? the mediating role of parasocial relationships


Purpose
This perspective study aims to discuss the inclusion of technology in hotels as a key driver of sustainability.


Design/methodology/approach
The paper covers literature and prospects the implementation of smart hotels as a tourism agenda to achieve sustainable development goals.


Findings
Smart hotels can provide a better and more efficient tourism service, in terms of operational tasks and sustainable gains, without losing critical human interaction, which can be a tactic to boost the hotel’s relationship with their customers.


Originality/value
The paper shows how smart hotels can increase business efficiency, and in addition, meet tourist expectations and become more sustainable. In this sense, smart and sustainable hotels deserve to be listed in tourism agenda 2030.


pdf/smart-and-sustainable-hotels-tourism-agenda-2030-perspective-pe1znxo4oz.pdf

Smart and sustainable hotels: tourism agenda 2030 perspective article

Creepy vs. cool: Switching from human staff to service robots in the hospitality industry

Space tourism, a niche segment of the aviation industry, has radically altered the private sector. A noticeable trend in this market has been the development of commercial space with numerous start-ups and ventures underway. Adopting a concept-driven approach, we conduct a hybrid review to sketch the emerging market areas in space tourism and provided insights into tourists' behavioral responses. Our results are supplemented by an analysis of public viewpoints on space-faring to gauge their alignment with academic views on space tourism. We also develop an integrative framework to elucidate how personality interacts with scenario to influence the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of space tourists and their responses toward space tourism. We recognize critical gaps in previous literature and propose the following recommendations to guide future research: 1) Conceptualization of travel services and tourism typology in the new space market; 2) theoretical contribution on pragmatic and semantic levels; 3) need for empirical and multi-disciplinary studies; 4) investigating the role of ethical issues on bilateral arguments toward commercialized space tourism; 5) integrating stakeholders' perspectives to maximize the socioeconomic impacts of space tourism and environmental sustainability; 6) media platforms and application of new technologies; and 7) role of scientific journals in knowledge enhancement. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/mar.21795

Psychology of space tourism marketing, technology, and sustainable development: From a literature review to an integrative framework

Abstract This empirical study examines residents’ decision-making process in preserving Jeju Batdam as a World Agricultural Heritage Site. Accordingly, it extends the model of goal-directed behavior (MGB) by including cultural worldview and sustainable intelligence as triggers of desire and behavioral intentions of residents to preserve the agricultural heritage tourism resources. This study collected 368 valid responses from residents using quota sampling method. Results revealed that the cultural worldview and sustainable intelligence play a significant role in influencing residents’ behaviors toward the preservation of an agricultural heritage tourism resource (Batdam). Results also showed that attitude, positive and negative anticipated emotions, and perceived behavioral control increase desire, which stimulates residents’ behavioral intention to preserve the heritage. Desire mediates the effects of attitude, perceived behavioral control, and positive and negative anticipated emotions on the residents’ intention to preserve the heritage. Findings contribute to deepening the knowledge of sustainable agricultural heritage management by better understanding of residents’ decision-making process in preserving heritage resources. The outcomes of this study also provide policy implications with sustainable development and management policies of agricultural heritage sites.

Sustainable intelligence and cultural worldview as triggers to preserve heritage tourism resources


Purpose
This paper aims to understand the impact of smart working on employees’ quality of life. The service-dominant logic indicates that key actors, including employees, are resource integrators. This empirical study contributes to the current knowledge of transformative service by expounding on smart working practices and their relationship with self-efficacy and, ultimately, quality of life of employees.


Design/methodology/approach
This study contends that smart working enhances employees’ self-efficacy. The current research uses conservation of resources (COR) theory as a basis in hypothesizing that self-efficacy serves as a key resource, which can stimulate workplace creativity, job satisfaction and quality of life. An onsite survey is conducted among employees who have been involved in smart working in the travel agency context.


Findings
Smart working has a positive effect on self-efficacy, which positively influences workplace creativity, job satisfaction and quality of life. Workplace creativity enhances job satisfaction but does not influence quality of life. Job satisfaction boosts quality of life, which is important to tourism services and their employees amid various crises.


Research limitations/implications
Consistent with COR theory, the immediate recommendation to managers is to invest in smart working, which can lead to employees’ creativity, job satisfaction and quality of life.


Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this empirical study is the first to assess the viability of smart working in the travel agency context. Smart working offers positive outcomes, such as convenience for employees to work independently, improving workplace creativity, job satisfaction and quality of life. Travel agencies are mainly categorized as small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In the future, SMEs may also introduce smart working that can eventually become their competitive advantage to retain talented employees.


Smart working in the travel agencies and employees’ quality of life

PurposeThis empirical research conceptualises the impact of celebrity effectiveness on consumer purchase intention, with customer perception and attitude as mediators. A cross-cultural approach is adopted to analyse consumer response to celebrity branding across Britain and Pakistan containing non-explicit and explicit sex appeals.Design/methodology/approachA within-subject experimental design (2 countries × 2 ad designs) is employed to test the research model across Western and South Asian cultures. Structural equation modelling (SEM) and multi-group analysis (MGA) are used to test proposed hypotheses.FindingsSEM results confirm the theoretical model: perception and attitude towards the advert and brand mediate the impact of celebrity effectiveness on purchase intention. Celebrity-endorsed advertising without explicit sex appeals elicited an overall favourable response across markets. British consumers respond to both adverts similarly. Yet, Pakistani consumers filter advert themes through salient cultural values and respond negatively to explicit sex appeals whilst, interestingly, accepting sexuality in associations of a celebrity endorser.Practical implicationsInternational celebrities can have cross-cultural appeal, and commonalities exist between the markets. A global or domestic marketing strategy can be utilised across the cultures based upon the environmental conditions and the themes and appeals incorporated within advert design.Originality/valueThe conceptual model is developed by consolidating existing models within celebrity endorsement and considering the mediating influence of both the advert and brand. The model is validated across theoretically different cultures. The comparative approach and selection of an underrepresented market provide novel insight into international branding strategies and global consumer culture.

/pdf/developing-strategies-for-international-celebrity-branding-a-ff45otnm.pdf

Developing strategies for international celebrity branding: a comparative analysis between Western and South Asian cultures


Purpose
This study aims to conduct a synopsis and overview of past research that discussed halal hospitality development and the halal travel market.


Design/methodology/approach
An extensive systematic review of 108 articles within the hospitality and tourism domain from 2000 to 2021 that were extracted from the Web of Science and Scopus databases was exhaustively assessed.


Findings
The results are visualised to determine the most thematic domains, contexts and concepts previously discussed. It also computed the contribution of journals, authors and affiliations in fostering the mobility of halal tourism studies. The study attempted to chart new directions and insights for future scholars and academics to expand the scope of halal literature in two ways. It articulated the implications and guidance themes emphasised in previous studies and identified new paths to abreast the contemporary issues of the hospitality and tourism industry, including sustainable consumption trends, community development, technology and smart practises, as well as potential threats and challenges such as islamophobia.


Originality/value
In view of the fast growth of halal market studies, the direction and contribution of the previous literature produced limited discussions with certain theoretical concepts. This study advises new pathways in which halal tourism development can respond to contemporary issues in hospitality and tourism.


Two decades of research on halal hospitality and tourism: a review and research agenda

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