Since the groundbreaking report on solid-state perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in 2012, PSC receives great attention due to its high power conversion efficiency (PCE) obtainable at low-cost fabrication. A PCE of 9.7% in 2012 was swiftly improved to 25.7% in 2022 via perovskite composition engineering and grain size control. The excellent photovoltaic performance originates from the defect-tolerant property of organic lead halide perovskite associated with the antibonding nature of the valence band. Nevertheless, the reduction of defect-induced trap density of the state is still required to improve further photovoltaic performance and stability. Among the methods reported to reduce defects, additive engineering is one of the promising strategies for controlling crystallographic defects because it can regulate crystallization kinetics and grain boundaries. In this review, we describe materials and methods for additive engineering applied to lead-based perovskite. In addition, the effects of additive engineering on photovoltaic performance and stability are discussed.

Additive engineering for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

N-heterocycle-functionalized graphene oxide complexed with cobalt(II) as symmetric supercapacitor electrodes

Organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention in recent years due to their simple manufacturing process, low cost, and high efficiency. So far, all efficient organic-inorganic halide PSCs are mainly made of polycrystalline perovskite films. There are transmission barriers and high-density defects on the surface, interface, and grain boundary of the films. Among them, the deep-level traps caused by specific charged defects are the main non-radiative recombination centers, which is the most important factor in limiting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of PSCs devices to the Shockley-Queisser (S-Q) theoretical efficiency limit. Therefore, it is imperative to select appropriate passivation materials and passivation strategies to effectively eliminate defects in perovskite films to improve their photovoltaic performance and stability. There are various passivation strategies for different components of PSCs, including interface engineering, additive engineering, antisolvent engineering, dopant engineering, etc. In this review, we summarize a large number of defect passivation work to illustrate the latest progress of different types of passivators in regulating the morphology, grain boundary, grain size, charge recombination, and defect density of states of perovskite films. In addition, we discuss the inherent defects of key materials in carrier transporting layers and the corresponding passivation strategies to further optimize PSCs components. Finally, some perspectives on the opportunities and challenges of PSCs in future development are highlighted.

/pdf/defect-passivation-scheme-toward-high-performance-halide-cfre4ykh.pdf

Defect Passivation Scheme toward High-Performance Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been showing up in the commercial field, with an inspiring power conversion efficiency (PCEs) of over 26% in the laboratory. The quality of perovskite films is still a bottleneck due to the random and fast crystallization of ionic perovskite materials. Seeding agents mediated crystallization has consistently been recognized as an efficient method for preparing bulk single crystals and high-quality films. Herein, we summarized the seeding mechanism, characterization techniques, and seeding agents working in different locations during the PSCs device fabrication. This review could further facilitate researchers with a deeper understanding of seeding agents and enhance more choices for seeding crystallization to improve the performance further and the device's large-scale fabrication toward commercialization.

Seeding Agents in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: From Material to Mechanism.

Dithiocarbamates synthesis is extremely important in plenty of biomedical and agrochemical applications, especially fungicide development, but remains a great challenge. In this work, we have successfully developed a multicomponent reaction protocol to convert H2S into S-alkyl dithiocarbamates under constant current conditions. No additional oxidants nor additional catalysts are required, and due to mild conditions, the reactions display a broad substrate scope, including varieties of thiols or disulfides. 

S-alkyl Dithiocarbamates Synthesis through Electrochemical Multicomponent Reaction of Thiols, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Isocyanides.

Methylammonium thiocyanate seeds assisted heterogeneous nucleation for achieving high-performance perovskite solar cells

Hierarchical ternary composites using coaxial polyphosphazene-coated MoO3 nanowires as substrate for advanced supercapacitors

We report herein a facile Hiyama cross-coupling reaction of arylsilanes with thiuram reagents (tetraalkylthiuram disulfides or tetraalkylthiuram monosulfide) enabled by copper fluoride. Compared to our previous work, this protocol is an alternative protocol for the generation of S-aryl dithiocarbamates. It features low toxic and readily available substrates, cost-effective promoter, easy performance, and provides good yields.

/pdf/copper-promoted-hiyama-cross-coupling-of-arylsilanes-with-2vnfj9lk.pdf

Copper-Promoted Hiyama Cross-Coupling of Arylsilanes With Thiuram Reagents: A Facile Synthesis of Aryl Dithiocarbamates

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Methylammonium thiocyanate seeds assisted heterogeneous nucleation for achieving high-performance perovskite solar cells

Hierarchical ternary composites using coaxial polyphosphazene-coated MoO3 nanowires as substrate for advanced supercapacitors

Copper-Promoted Hiyama Cross-Coupling of Arylsilanes With Thiuram Reagents: A Facile Synthesis of Aryl Dithiocarbamates