One of the popular cationic dyes that is environmentally persistent, toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic is methylene blue (MB) dye. It is commonly applied as synthetic dye for dyeing fabrics in clothing and textile industries and also for dyeing papers and leathers. Sequel to the magnitude of industrial usage, a large volume of methylene blue dye containing wastewater is discharged into groundwater and surface water. At doses more than 5 mk/kg, the monoamine oxidate inhibitory characteristics of MB dye can induce fatal serotonin toxicity in human, apart from being a threat to fauna in aquatic ecosystem. Thus, it is highly imperative to eliminate MB dye from wastewaters. A number of different removal strategies have been reported in literature for treating methylene blue dye wastewater. In this state-of-the-art review, about 240 review and/or research published articles on methods for methylene blue dye wastewater decontamination or decontamination strategies were chosen for evaluation. This synthesis also discussed the various toxicities linked to MB dye. The assessment of elimination methods revealed that chemical removal methods (photochemical and non-photochemical) could generate secondary pollutants while biological methods are characterized with sensitivity of enzyme to pH. These drawbacks limit their industrial full-scale applications while adsorption technology was found to offer merits over others. The review comprehensively discussed each of these techniques while gaps and/or areas for future research are highlighted. 

Methylene blue dye: Toxicity and potential technologies for elimination from (waste)water

Several industries release varying concentration of dye-laden effluent with substantial negative consequences for any receiving environmental compartment. The control of water pollution and tighter restriction on wastewater discharge directly into the environment to reduce the potential ecotoxicological effect of dyes is forcing processors to retreat and reuse process water and chemicals. Among the different available technologies, the adsorption process has been recognized to be one of the finest and cost-effective wastewater treatment technologies. Various adsorbents have been utilized to remove toxic dyes from water and wastewater. Here, we review the application of polyaniline-based polymeric adsorbent for the adsorption of dyes which have been received considerable attention. To date, various modifications of polyaniline have been explored to improve the adsorption properties. Review on the application of polyaniline for adsorption of dyes has not been present till date. This article provides relevant literature on the application of various polyaniline composites for removing dyes, and their adsorption capacities with their experimental conditions have been compiled. It is evident from the literature survey that polyaniline provides a better opportunity for scientists for the effective removal of various dye.

Application of polyaniline-based adsorbents for dye removal from water and wastewater—a review

Removal of methylene blue dye using rice husk, cow dung and sludge biochar: Characterization, application, and kinetic studies.

New notion of biochar: A review on the mechanism of biochar applications in advannced oxidation processes

Conducting polymers, such as polyaniline and polypyrrole, have frequently been discussed in the literature due to ease of preparation and high application potential. These polymers have been observed to interact with organic dyes because of the similarity in the conjugated molecular structure of both moieties. The interaction manifests itself in three fundamental directions that have been so far treated separately. The first is represented by the conductivity enhancement and morphology control when using organic dyes as templates in polypyrrole preparation. The adsorption of dyes on conducting polymers is the second field oriented at the water pollution treatment. Finally, the photocatalytic decomposition of organic dyes aims at the similar environmental target. The last two applications do not require the presence of conductivity which, on the other hand, is a key parameter of conducting polymers. The future design of advanced adsorbents, however, has to exploit both the conductivity and electroactivity in the control of pollutant adsorption or degradation. For this reason, all these interactions and their practical impact are considered in the present review.

Interaction of conducting polymers, polyaniline and polypyrrole, with organic dyes: polymer morphology control, dye adsorption and photocatalytic decomposition

Study on the degradation of accumulated bisphenol S and regeneration of magnetic sludge-derived biochar upon microwave irritation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide for application in integrated process.

Hemin-based biomimetic synthesis of PANI@iron oxide and its adsorption of dyes

The invention discloses a multifunctional material PANI-CMC-Fe3O4 and an application of the multifunctional material PANI-CMC-Fe3O4 to treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater. A preparing method of the multifunctional material PANI-CMC-Fe3O4 includes the following steps that in a buffer system, aniline, hemin, CMC and magnetic Fe3O4 are added in proportion and evenly dispersed; under the condition that the mixture is continually stirred at the temperature of 15-45 DEG C, a certain amount of H2O2 is added into the system every 15-20 min; the mixture is continuously reacted for 0.5 h or longer, a certain amount of hydrochloric acid is added into the system, the mixture is sealed, continuously reacted and subjected to standing, the product is washed with water and ethyl alcohol, dried and ground, and then the powder-shaped product is obtained. The multifunctional material has the good adsorption performance, the good catalytic degradation performance and the good magnetic separation performance, and can be used as a good adsorbing agent, and organic matter such as dye can be catalyzed and oxidized by adding hydrogen peroxide under the wider original pH condition while adsorbing.

Multifunctional material PANI-CMC-Fe3O4 and application of multifunctional material PANI-CMC-Fe3O4 to treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater

Biopolymer (BioP) was extracted from waste activated sludge and the ternary catalyst BioP@PANI@Fe 3 O 4 was prepared by biomimetic method. Control experiments proved the synergistic effects of the components in BioP@PANI@Fe 3 O 4 . The degradation of high concentration of model pollutant proved its good performance as the heterogeneous Fenton catalyst.The high utilization efficiency of H 2 O 2 and wide oprational pH range showed the promising application of BioP@PANI@Fe 3 O 4 in the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants. The possible reaction mechanism on the surface of BioP@PANI@Fe 3 O 4 lies in that PANI provide the acidic condition and the initially generated ≡Fe(II) species react with H 2 O 2 to generate •OH, which destroy the organic dyes adsorbed onto catalyst surface. The redox process Fe(III)→Fe(II) take place easily due to convenient electro transfer in PANI and reduction power of functional groups in BioP.

/pdf/biomimetic-preparation-of-ternary-heterogeneous-catalyst-4sccuu244c.pdf

Biomimetic preparation of ternary heterogeneous catalyst derived from biopolymer in biological sludge and synergistic effects in Fenton process

The invention discloses a compound adsorbent PANI-CMC and an application thereof to dye wastewater treatment. A preparing method of the compound adsorbent includes the following steps that in a buffer system, a certain mass ratio of aniline, a certain mass ratio of hemin and a certain mass ratio of CMC are added and evenly dispersed; at the room temperature, the mixture is continually stirred, and a certain amount of H2O2 is added into the system every 15-20 min; the mixture is continuously reacted for 0.5 h or longer, a certain amount of hydrochloric acid is added into the system, the mixture is continuously reacted under the sealed condition, and is subjected to standing, washed, dried and ground, and the powder-shaped product is obtained. The PANI-CMC has the good adsorption performance for anionic dye containing sulfonic acid groups and cationic dye, and has the good adsorption effect within the wide pH range (pH=3-11), and the application range is expanded.

Compound adsorbent PANI-CMC and application thereof to dye wastewater treatment

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