Amino acid-based loose polyamide nanofiltration membrane with ultrahigh water permeance for efficient dye/salt separation

Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were prepared using modified Hummers method and then amino-functionalized with melamine-based dendrimer amines (MDA). The resulted nanofiller (GO/MDA) was incorporated into the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane matrix with the phase inversion technique. The effects of this incorporation on membrane properties were studied in different terms including hydrophilicity, porosity, surface and cross-sectional morphology, mean pore radius, permeability, fouling resistance and nanofiltration performance. The resulted membranes presented enhanced hydrophilicity, porosity and permeability due to the presence of super hydrophilic GO/MDA nanocomposite in the membrane matrix. The pure water flux of the PES membranes under the operating pressure of 0.3 MPa was increased from 19.9 kg/m2 h for the bare PES to 38.1 kg/m2 h and 53.9 kg/m2 h for the optimum contents of GO and GO/MDA, respectively. The flux recovery ratio (FRR) was enhanced from 50.4% for the bare PES to 78.5% for the membrane containing the optimum content of GO/MDA (0.25 wt%). This membrane also presented the minimum total and irreversible fouling ratios. Nanofiltration performance of the membranes was proved with near total rejection of anionic dye reactive red 198, alongside the remarkable retention of divalent ions (77.4% and 56.4% for Na2SO4 and MgSO4, respectively) and slight retention of monovalent ion NaCl (18.9%). Eventually, the results of the present study introduced MDAs as ideal dendrimer ligands for the preparation of highly hydrophilic and antifouling nanofillers.

Fouling decline and retention increase of polyethersulfone membrane by incorporating melamine-based dendrimer amine functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets (GO/MDA)

Graphene quantum dots: synthesis, properties, and applications to the development of optical and electrochemical sensors for chemical sensing

Omnifarious performance promotion of the TFC NF membrane prepared with hyperbranched polyester intervened interfacial polymerization

Graphene possesses a set of unique physicochemical properties including exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, making it an excellent candidate for constructing materials for a wide range of applications including the vast field of separation technology using membranes. Separation membranes based on graphene and its derivatives have shown satisfactory results over the years when applied to environmental systems such as wastewater treatment and gas purification, which is a great contribution in sustainable development. However, membrane separation research is generally performed using conventional membranes with fixed driving force and separation properties that suffer from fouling and decline in performance upon long-term use or when a change in the environmental conditions occur. These issues can be solved by employing an emerging technology that makes use of graphene and its derivatives combined with polymeric materials to construct stimuli-responsive or “smart” membranes that respond to the changes in their environment such as chemical cues, temperature, pressure, and external fields, and have a self-regulated separation performance due to reversible physicochemical properties. In this review, we present a report on the recent advancements on graphene-based separation technology including a concise discussion on the basic structure and properties of graphene and its derivatives, various membrane fabrication methods, and their employment on the different areas of membrane separation. More importantly, the main focus of this paper is to evaluate the design and utilization of graphene-based smart separation membranes.

A review on the recent advancements in graphene-based membranes and their applications as stimuli-responsive separation materials

Thin-film nanocomposite nanofiltration membrane with enhanced desalination and antifouling performance via incorporating L-aspartic acid functionalized graphene quantum dots

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Thin-film nanocomposite nanofiltration membrane with enhanced desalination and antifouling performance via incorporating L-aspartic acid functionalized graphene quantum dots