Toward high-performance FR viscose/meta-aramid blended yarns enabled by vortex spinning driven core-sheath assembly

The effective practical application of modern intelligent manufacturing technology in textile and garment industry

Abstract To promote theoretical understanding for optimizing the entire process parameters (temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc.) and quality indicators (molar fraction, end-group concentration, and number-average molecular weight) in the industrial production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a dataset construction for production parameters and product quality indicators was accomplished in conjunction with industrial process simulation software. A complete deep learning workflow including data collection, dataset construction, model training, and evaluation was established. A prediction method for process-product quality of PET production based on the residual neural network (ResNet) network was proposed to reduce the complexity of quality control in polyester production. The results show that compared to traditional convolutional neural network (CNN), ResNet has higher accuracy ( R 2 ≥ 0.9998) in predicting the PET production process and product quality. It can accurately establish the mapping relationship between production parameters and product quality indicators, providing theoretical guidance for intelligent production. 

Utilizing ResNet for enhanced quality prediction in PET production: an AI-driven approach

The changes in performance of the high-tenacity poly(ethylene terephthalate) (HT PET) industrial fibers during the thermal-oxidative aging process have been investigated over a broad temperature range from 120 °C to 200 °C. Additionally, the mechanism of the thermal-oxidative aging process has been studied by utilizing structural information obtained from the fibers at varying length scales. It was observed that a significant increase in breakage elongation when the fibers were subjected to temperatures above 160 °C for more than 8 h during the aging process. Macro defects induced by thermal-oxidative aging began to appear after 96 h of exposure at temperatures exceeding 160 °C. Microscopically, the crystal structure of fibers remained stable and did not show significant changes unless the aging temperature exceeds 160 °C. When subjected to lower thermal aging temperatures or shorter aging times, the molecular chains in the amorphous region relax and become disoriented. This leads to a significant decrease in amorphous orientation, lamellar long period, and an increase in elongation at break. As the temperature and aging duration time continue to increase, thermo-degradation and recrystallization become more prominent. Consequently, the overall macromolecular orientation initially decreases due to degradation but later increases due to the formation of crystalline structures within the fibers. These findings indicate that molecular degradation in ester group is the primary factor contributing to the breakage elongation changes, while the formation of newly crystalline structures within the fibers contributes to the prevention of breakage strength to some extent. 

The evolution of structure and properties in high-tenacity poly(ethylene terephthalate) industrial fibers during thermal-oxidative aging process

The effects of UV aging process on the structure and properties of high-tenacity poly(ethylene terephthalate) industrial fiber

In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to balance the high strength and flame retardancy of polyester industrial yarn, the possibility of controlling the uniform dispersion of flame retardant without affecting the crystallization of polyester was discussed in this paper. The long-chain branched flame retardant with good thermal stability in the range of processing temperature was chosen to blend with high viscosity polyester. The addition of flame retardant reduced the melt viscosity and the crystallization ability of polyester, so the melt spinning and drawing process of the flame retardant polyester industrial yarn were optimized for the sufficient crystallization of polyester based on the rheological and crystallization properties of flame retardant polyester. Due to the steric effect of flame retardant, it was eliminated from the crystal region and only existed in the amorphous region of polyester. As a result, the microstructure with high crystallinity and orientation and the morphology with a uniform dispersion of flame retardant were obtained. The flame retardant high strength polyester industrial yarn was successfully prepared with a limiting oxygen index of 32.0% and a breaking strength of 8.0 cN/dtex, which meets the UL-94 V-0 standard and shows good durability of flame retardant after washing and rubbing treatment, achieving the goal of flame retardancy and high strength for the polyester industrial yarn.

Microstructure design of polyester industrial yarns with excellent flame retardancy and high strength

The fatigue behavior of poly (ethylene terephthalate) industrial fibers is a key issue in their long‐term service for engineering applications. To have a comprehensive understanding of the fatigue behavior, the high‐tenacity (HT) and low‐shrinkage (LS) PET fibers were selected to analyze the room temperature dynamic fatigue properties with different stress. Various techniques such as WAXD/SAXS and FTIR were employed to study the multiscale structure changes to disclose the fatigue mechanisms. Although the crystalline structure including orientation and crystallinity did not change, the amorphous structures varied with fatigue stress. The HT fiber exhibited a higher fatigue recovery ratio. The slight increase in amorphous orientation, and amorphous thickness was attributed to the oriented coiled molecular chains during tensile fatigue stress. In contrast, the LS fiber experienced plastic fatigue deformation with a lower recovery ratio. The molecular chains in the large amorphous domain are easily extended and oriented under tensile loading, increasing amorphous orientation and lamellar thickness. The fatigue mechanism for the LS fiber involved the conformation transition from gauche to trans conformers and a higher proportion of irreversible amorphous regions were formed. It is indicated that developing industrial filaments with small amorphous orientation and content is crucial to improving their fatigue resistance.

Disclosing the fatigue deformation mechanisms of different types of poly (ethylene terephthalate) industrial fibers on the base of the multiscale structural evolutions

Subscript textIn this paper the influence of glass beads (GB), Fluorescent Brightener (FB), titanium dioxide (TiO2) on light reflecting performance of PET was studied. The composites of PET, GB, FB, and TiO2 were prepared by twin screw extruder. The dispersive characterization of GB with diameter of 20μm to 90μm was observed by the optical microscope and the reflective properties of injected sample of PET composites were evaluated by experiment. The results show that GB are dispersed homogeneously in PET matrix and the reflectivity of the PET/GB samples increase with the decrease of the diameter of GB. Introduction of FB in PET/GB composites leads to the increase of the reflective light within wavelength from 400 to 600nm, increasing by 10%. By adding TiO2 into PET, the reflectivity of PET composites could be increased over 80%. And by adding FB into PET/TiO2 composites, the reflectivity of PET/TiO2/FB within wavelength from 400 to 600nm could be increased up to 110% , due to fluorescent brightening.

Study on the Reflecting Properties of PET Composites with TiO2, Glass Beads and Fluorescent Brightener

For different heat treatments, the changes in overall performance features such as tenacity, modulus, load at 5% strain and elongation at a load of 4.0 cN/dtex of high modulus low shrinkage poly (ethylene terephthalate) industrial fibers were compared. The variations in the mechanical behavior were linked to adjustments in the microstructure, as determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering. The results confirmed that the tenacity of the fibers is less dependent on the heat treatment conditions, whereas the modulus, load at 5% strain and elongation at a load of 4.0 cN/dtex differ significantly, which could reflect the stability of the fibers in use. The intact crystal structure and the constrained conformation adjustment of molecular chains in amorphous after heat treatment are responsible for the excellent tenacity retention of high modulus low shrinkage poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibers. With a low pre-tension and a higher heating temperature, the molecular chains in the amorphous region relax and disorient, resulting in a lower modulus and load at 5% strain. Instead, in the case of high pre-tension, heat treatment prolongation or temperature increase helps to rearrange the amorphous region into an ordered structure, which can improve the initial modulus and load at 5% strain of the fibers.

Structure and performance changes of high-modulus and low-shrinkage poly (ethylene terephthalate) industrial fibers under different heat treatment conditions

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Microstructure design of polyester industrial yarns with excellent flame retardancy and high strength

Disclosing the fatigue deformation mechanisms of different types of poly (ethylene terephthalate) industrial fibers on the base of the multiscale structural evolutions

Study on the Reflecting Properties of PET Composites with TiO2, Glass Beads and Fluorescent Brightener

Structure and performance changes of high-modulus and low-shrinkage poly (ethylene terephthalate) industrial fibers under different heat treatment conditions