Background and Objectives Hepatitis B is one of the most dangerous causes of liver infection in the world, and the first known factor responsible for post transfusion infections (PTI). Thus, all donated units and blood products are tested for HBV. HBV genotypes are divided into eight groups with genotype D being dominant in Iran. Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is common worldwide and the possibility of transmission of hepatitis B infection is a cause of concern in blood transfusion centers. Materials and Methods The present article attempted to review articles published in association with hepatitis B and blood transfusion in Iran to show an image of hepatitis B in Iran compared to the world. Results Studies done in Iran have shown varied statistics of hepatitis B infections. In thalassemics, hemodialysis patients, and intravenous drug users, 1.5%, 5.1% and 5.8% were HBsAg positive, respectively. OBI rate also varies from 0.15 to 1.5 percent. The levels of HBsAg in different reports were shown to be 0.47%, 0.41%, 0.23%, 0.4% and 1.08% among blood donors; however, the rate of infection was very low in regular donors. Conclusions Given the importance of the screening of hepatitis B in blood donors, using sensitive diagnostic tests, especially molecular tests, for reduction in the window period is critical.

The challenges of hepatitis B in blood transfusion in Iran

Transmission routs of both hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses are similar and infection with both viruses is common. Occult hepatitis B is a new entity in which serum HBsAg is negative but HBVDNA is detectable in serum or liver tissues. In this study the frequency of occult hepatitis B among patients with chronic hepatitis C and also their biochemical and histological changes were investigated. In this study, 27 patients with chronic hepatitis C with negative serum HBsAg were enrolled. These patients had been referred to Taleghani hospital and RCGLD (Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases) or THC (Tehran Hepatitis Center) during years 2001 and 2002 and had been undertaken liver biopsy. Liver biopsies were reviewed and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and HBsAg and HBcAg were assayed in liver tissue by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) respectively. From 27 chronic hepatitis C patients studied, HBVDNA was detectable by PCR in 5(19%). Immunohistochemistry for both HBcAg and HBsAg were reported to be negative in all patients. Histological changes of cirrhosis and symptoms of decompensated cirrhosis were seen just in HBVDNA positive patients. This study concludes that Occult HBV infection is common among chronic hepatitis C patients. Occult hepatitis B probably accelerates the evolution to cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Occult hbv infection among chronic hepatitis c patients

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Occult hbv infection among chronic hepatitis c patients