Effects of Dopamine in Man: Augmentation of Sodium Excretion, Glomerular Filtration Rate, and Renal Plasma Flow*

The effects on directly measured renal blood flow, mean blood pressure, and calculated renal vascular resistance of intravenous infusions of dopamine, isoproterenol, and norepinephrine were compared. Dopamine, at doses not affecting mean blood pressure, decreased renal vascular resistance and increased renal blood flow. In contrast, isoproterenol decreased both blood pressure and renal vascular resistance but did not consistently increase renal blood flow. Renal artery injection of dopamine produced vasodilatation at doses ranging from 0.75 to 12 µg and biphasic flow responses including transient vasoconstriction at higher doses. It is concluded that the probable basis for the effect of intravenous dopamine infusion on renal blood flow is its direct renal vasodilating action.

The direct effect of dopamine on the femoral vascular bed is vasoconstriction. The combination of renal vasodilating, and femoral vasoconstricting, effects is unique and is interpreted as evidence for a renal vasodilating effect of dopamine distinct from the conventional beta-adrenergic mechanism. A possible physiological role for dopamine other than as a precursor to norepinephrine may be related to this property. It is also suggested that the ability of dopamine to alter the distribution of cardiac output in favor of visceral organs may find useful clinical applications.

Direct Renal Vasodilatation Produced by Dopamine in the Dog

Pheochromocytoma in the adult and in the child.

L-dopa and parkinsonism.

The syndrome of gnaw-compulsion was studied in rats providing evidence for a structure-effect relationship between the alcaloid apomorphine and the normal metabolite in the brain, dopamine.

Relation between the action of dopamine and apomorphine and their O-methylated derivatives upon the CNS

The role played by L-dopa decarboxylase in the biosynthesis of catecholamines depends on the organ in which the primary product of its action, i.e., dopamine, is formed.

In the suprarenal medulla the biosynthesis proceeds via noradrenaline to the methylated end-product, adrenaline. Dopamine is the precursor of the hormones.

In nervous tissue, the biosynthesis stops at the noradrenaline level. Here dopamine is the precursor of the transmitter, and besides this probably an effector substance of its own.

In lungs, intestine and liver dopamine itself is the end-product of the biosynthesis. Here it may act as a local hormone.

Role of L-DOPA decarboxylase in the biosynthesis of catecholamines in nervous tissue and the adrenal medulla.

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Role of L-DOPA decarboxylase in the biosynthesis of catecholamines in nervous tissue and the adrenal medulla.