
 Nanotechnology has revealed the science of the nanoscale. The global challenge that will follow is to build up functional materials with the knowledge of nanoscale phenomena. This task is carried out by nanoarchitectonics as a post-nanotechnology concept. The goal of nanoarchitectonics is to build functional material systems by architecting atoms, molecules, and nanomaterials as building blocks. Fundamentally, all materials are made of atoms and molecules. Therefore, nanoarchitectonics, which architects materials from atoms and molecules, can be a universal way to create all materials. It may be said to be the method for everything in material science. From atoms and molecules, which are basic units, to living cells, which are complex systems, are all components of nanoarchitectonics. This paper presents recent examples of nanoarchitectonics research at various size levels, from the atomic to the cellular level, specifically, (i) atomistic nanoarchitectonics, (ii) molecular nanoarchitectonics, (iii) supramolecular nanoarchitectonics, (iv) inorganic nanoarchitectonics, (v) biomolecular nanoarchitectonics, (vi) cell-mimic nanoarchitectonics, and (vii) cell-based nanoarchitectonics. The possibility of nanoarchitectonics, method for everything in materials science, as an integrative challenge will then be explored.

Nanoarchitectonics: Method for Everything in Material Science

Electronic waste is a growing threat to the global environment and human health, raising particular concerns. Triboelectric devices synthesized from sustainable and degradable materials are a promising electronic alternative, but the mechanical mismatch at the interface between the polymer substrate and the electrodes remains unresolved in practical applications. This study used the sulfhydryl silanization reaction and the chemical selectivity and site specificity of the thiol-disulfide exchange reaction in dynamic covalent chemistry to prepare a tough monolithic integrated triboelectric bioplastic. The stress is dissipated by covalent bond adaptation to the interface interaction, which makes the polymer dielectric layer to the conductive layer have a good interface adhesion effect (220.55 kPa). The interfacial interlocking of the polymer substrate with the conductive layer gives the triboelectric bioplastic excellent tensile strength (87.4 MPa) and fracture toughness (33.3 MJ m-3 ). Even when subjected to a tension force of 10000 times its weight, it still maintains a stable triboelectric output with no visible cracks. This study provides new insights into the design of reliable and environmentally friendly self-powered devices, which is significant for the development of flexible wearable electronics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

A Tough Monolithic Integrated Triboelectric Bioplastic Enabled by Dynamic Covalent Chemistry.

Nanocellulose-based aerogels have been considered as one of the ideal candidates for CO2 capture in practical applications owing to their lightweight and porous properties. Additionally, various adsorbents with amine groups have been widely used as effective CO2 capture and storage strategies. Herein, amino-functionalized aerogels were prepared by sol-gel and freeze-drying methods using two typical nanocelluloses (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)) as substrates. In addition, the reaction parameters for grafting and amino functionalization were optimized. The CNC and CNF aerogels could be easily modified by the hydrothermal growth of the amino group, and they exhibited attractive properties in terms of CO2 adsorption, recyclability, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and CO2/CH4 mixture separation. The amino-functionalized CNF aerogel exhibited superior performance to the CNC aerogel, which was attributed to the increased cross-linking binding sites for hydrogen bonding in the CNF aerogel. The results of this study indicated that amino-functionalized nanocellulose aerogels can be considered a promising biodegradable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly material for CO2 capture and removal of CO2 from CH4. 

Amino-functionalized nanocellulose aerogels for the superior adsorption of CO2 and separation of CO2/CH4 mixture gas

MoS2 as a cocatalyst applied in advanced oxidation processes for enhancing degradation of organic pollutants: a review

The degradation of organic pollutants present in domestic and industrial effluents is a matter of concern because of their high persistence and ecotoxicity. Recently, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are being emphasized for organic pollutant removal from effluents, as they have shown higher degradation efficiencies when compared to conventional activated sludge processes. Sulfate radical-based methods are some of the AOPs, mainly carried out using persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS), which have gained attention due to the ease of sulfate radical generation and the effective degradation of organic molecules. PMS is gaining more popularity because of its high reactivity and ability to generate excess sulfate radicals. PMS has been the major focus; therefore, its mechanism has been explained, and limitations have been elaborated. The involvement of metal-organic frameworks for PMS/PS activation applied to organic pollutant removal and recent advances in the application of biochar and hydrogel-assisted metal-organic frameworks have been discussed. 

Sulfate Radical-Based Degradation of Organic Pollutants: A Review on Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks as Catalysts

Fibrous Cellulose Nanoarchitectonics on N-doped Carbon-based Metal-Free Catalytic Nanofilter for Highly Efficient Advanced Oxidation Process

Highly catalytic and durable nanocellulose fibers-based nanoporous membrane film for efficient organic pollutant degradation

Green electronics made from degradable materials have recently attracted special attention, because electronic waste (e-waste) represents a serious threat to the environment and to human health worldwide. Among the novel materials used for sustainable technologies, nanocelluloses containing at least 1D in the nanoscale range (1–100 nm) have been widely exploited for various industrial applications owing to their inherent properties, such as biodegradability, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and optical transparency. This review highlights recent advances in research on the development of patterns for conductive material on nanocellulose substrates for use in high-performance green electronics. The advantages of nanocellulose substrates compared to conventional paper substrates for advanced green electronics are discussed. Importantly, this review emphasizes various fabrication strategies for producing conductive patterns on different types of nanocellulose-based substrates, such as cellulose nanofiber (CNF), (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl(TEMPO)-oxidized CNF, regenerated cellulose, and bacterial cellulose. In the latter part of this review, emerging engineering applications for green electronics such as circuits, transistors/antennas, sensors, energy storage systems, and electrochromic devices are further discussed. 

Cutting Edge Use of Conductive Patterns in Nanocellulose‐Based Green Electronics

Global freshwater scarcity is driving the search for alternative aqua purification strategies. Solar-driven desalination has emerged as a leading solution, leveraging the abundance of seawater and salt lakes on Earth. In this study, we present an advanced interfacial solar-driven nanocarbon aerogel derived from ZIF-8 nanoparticles, reinforced with biopolymer-directed vertical channels via a facile ice-templating process. Specifically, we fabricated a vertically aligned ZIF-8 nanocarbon aerogel (VAZ8NCA) and compared it with a randomly ordered counterpart (RZ8NCA) obtained via conventional freezing. VAZ8NCA integrates hierarchical porosity, ultralow density, high interparticle connectivity, and enhanced hydrophilicity, thereby reducing vaporization enthalpy and improving light-to-heat conversion. The vertical channel alignment facilitates salt back diffusion, thereby mitigating fouling. The optimized VAZ8NCA sample, with a total porosity of 96.2% and a vaporization enthalpy of 1482.95 J g-1, exhibits a high evaporation rate of 2.103 kg m-2 h-1 and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 86.6% under 1 sun. Furthermore, the fabricated evaporator achieves a salt rejection rate of 99.92% in simulated seawater, yielding water quality consistent with WHO and EPA standards while purifying oil-in-water emulsions, wastewater, and acidic or alkaline effluents. These findings provide a scalable pathway toward solar-driven desalination and enable various water purification applications.

Biopolymer-Induced Nanoarchitectured Superhydrophilic Carbon Aerogel with Efficient Transport Channel for Sustainable Water Purification.

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Fibrous Cellulose Nanoarchitectonics on N-doped Carbon-based Metal-Free Catalytic Nanofilter for Highly Efficient Advanced Oxidation Process

Highly catalytic and durable nanocellulose fibers-based nanoporous membrane film for efficient organic pollutant degradation

Cutting Edge Use of Conductive Patterns in Nanocellulose‐Based Green Electronics

Biopolymer-Induced Nanoarchitectured Superhydrophilic Carbon Aerogel with Efficient Transport Channel for Sustainable Water Purification.