Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

https://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~damlacetin/kmu407/index_dosyalar/4.%20makale.pdf

Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials

Hydrogel delivery systems can leverage therapeutically beneficial outcomes of drug delivery and have found clinical use. Hydrogels can provide spatial and temporal control over the release of various therapeutic agents, including small-molecule drugs, macromolecular drugs and cells. Owing to their tunable physical properties, controllable degradability and capability to protect labile drugs from degradation, hydrogels serve as a platform in which various physiochemical interactions with the encapsulated drugs control their release. In this Review, we cover multiscale mechanisms underlying the design of hydrogel drug delivery systems, focusing on physical and chemical properties of the hydrogel network and the hydrogel-drug interactions across the network, mesh, and molecular (or atomistic) scales. We discuss how different mechanisms interact and can be integrated to exert fine control in time and space over the drug presentation. We also collect experimental release data from the literature, review clinical translation to date of these systems, and present quantitative comparisons between different systems to provide guidelines for the rational design of hydrogel delivery systems.

/pdf/designing-hydrogels-for-controlled-drug-delivery-3k03j5j2j9.pdf

Designing hydrogels for controlled drug delivery.

Levy processes form a wide and rich class of random process, and have many applications ranging from physics to finance Stochastic calculus is the mathematics of systems interacting with random noise Here, the author ties these two subjects together, beginning with an introduction to the general theory of Levy processes, then leading on to develop the stochastic calculus for Levy processes in a direct and accessible way This fully revised edition now features a number of new topics These include: regular variation and subexponential distributions; necessary and sufficient conditions for Levy processes to have finite moments; characterisation of Levy processes with finite variation; Kunita's estimates for moments of Levy type stochastic integrals; new proofs of Ito representation and martingale representation theorems for general Levy processes; multiple Wiener-Levy integrals and chaos decomposition; an introduction to Malliavin calculus; an introduction to stability theory for Levy-driven SDEs

/pdf/levy-processes-and-stochastic-calculus-2rcj1efu2c.pdf

Lévy Processes and Stochastic Calculus

Summary: The innate immune system constitutes the first line of defense against invading microbial pathogens and relies on a large family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which detect distinct evolutionarily conserved structures on pathogens, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Among the PRRs, the Toll-like receptors have been studied most extensively. Upon PAMP engagement, PRRs trigger intracellular signaling cascades ultimately culminating in the expression of a variety of proinflammatory molecules, which together orchestrate the early host response to infection, and also is a prerequisite for the subsequent activation and shaping of adaptive immunity. In order to avoid immunopathology, this system is tightly regulated by a number of endogenous molecules that limit the magnitude and duration of the inflammatory response. Moreover, pathogenic microbes have developed sophisticated molecular strategies to subvert host defenses by interfering with molecules involved in inflammatory signaling. This review presents current knowledge on pathogen recognition through different families of PRRs and the increasingly complex signaling pathways responsible for activation of an inflammatory and antimicrobial response. Moreover, medical implications are discussed, including the role of PRRs in primary immunodeficiencies and in the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases, as well as the possibilities for translation into clinical and therapeutic applications.

Pathogen Recognition and Inflammatory Signaling in Innate Immune Defenses

Herein, chitosan (CS) fibers coated with TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (CS/TOCN fibers) were successfully prepared using a wet spinning technique; CS was dissolved in acetic acid to obtain a CS doping solution. The tensile strength and ammonia adsorption percentages increased with increasing TOCN concentration. The maximum ammonia adsorption percentage (41.39%, 8.3 mg/g) was obtained when 2% NaOH and 0.01% TOCN were used as the coagulation solution. Additionally, the adsorption of model proteins, including lysozyme (Lz), cytochrome C (Cyt C), and bovine serum albumin (BSA), were studied. In water, the CS/TOCN fibers with negative charges adsorbed more Lz with positive charges than CS fibers containing positive charges. Contrastingly, CS fibers adsorbed more Cyt C and BSA containing negative charges in phosphate-buffered saline solutions than CS/TOCN fibers. Furthermore, the adsorption percentage of phytic acid using the CS/TOCN fibers reached 64.18% (288 mg/g) within 60 min. Thus, TOCNs improved the tensile properties of CS fibers and preferred positively charged materials contaminated in water, such as ammonia, Lz, and phytic acid.

/pdf/adsorption-studies-of-ammonia-protein-and-phytic-acid-using-34qu3rh6.pdf

Adsorption Studies of Ammonia, Protein, and Phytic Acid Using Chitosan Fiber Coated with Oxidized Cellulose Nanofiber

The ${}_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ hypernucleus was studied by measuring $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays in coincidence with the ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}{(K}^{\ensuremath{-}},{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ reaction. $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays from the ${1/2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${3/2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ states, which are the partners of the spin-orbit doublet states with a predominant configuration of ${[}^{12}{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.}{(0}^{+})\ensuremath{\bigotimes}{p}_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}],$ to the ground state were measured. The splitting of the states was found to be $\ensuremath{\Delta}{E(1/2}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{-}{3/2}^{\ensuremath{-}})=+152\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}54(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}36(\mathrm{syst}) \mathrm{keV}.$ This value is 20--30 times smaller than that of single particle states in nuclei around this mass region. The ${j}_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}={\mathcal{l}}_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\ensuremath{-}1/2[{(p}_{1/2}{)}_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}]$ state appeared higher in energy, as in normal nuclei. The value gives new insight into the $\mathrm{YN}$ interaction. The excitation energies of the ${1/2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${3/2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ states were obtained as $10.982\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.031(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.056(\mathrm{syst})$ and $10.830\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.031(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.056(\mathrm{syst}) \mathrm{MeV},$ respectively. We also observed $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays from the ${3/2}^{+}$ state, which has a ${[}^{12}\mathrm{C}{(2}^{+})\ensuremath{\bigotimes}{s}_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}]$ configuration, to the ground state in ${}_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{13}\mathrm{C}.$ The excitation energy of the ${3/2}^{+}$ state was obtained as $4.880\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.010(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.017(\mathrm{syst}) \mathrm{MeV}.$ Nuclear $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays with energies of 4.438 and 15.100 MeV had similar yields, which suggests that a quasifree knockout of a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ particle is dominant in highly excited regions.

Λ13Chypernucleus studied with the13C(K−,π−γ)reaction

PURPOSE:To specifically measure an endotoxin (Et) by using only C-factor system reaction without being influenced by a G factor containing in limulus amebocyte lysate reagent. CONSTITUTION:An alkyl glucoside is allowed to coexist in limulus amebocyte lysate reagent. It is a specific measuring agent for endotoxin, and when the endotoxin included in a sample is to be measured by using the reagent, the alkyl glucoside is allowed to coexist in the reagent and/or a sample. Such a method is used for specifically measuring an endotoxin. Furthermore, it contains an alkyl glucoside as an effective component and it is a G-factor activation inhibitor for preventing the activation caused by G factor (1 3)-beta-D-glucan in limulus amebocyte lysate.

Specific measuring agent for endotoxin

L'INVENTION CONCERNE UN STATOR DESTINE A ETRE UTILISE DANS UN ALTERNATEUR POUR UN VEHICULE ET PROCEDE POUR FABRIQUER CE STATOR. DANS CE STATOR INCLUANT UN NOYAU STATORIQUE 2 MUNI D'UNE PLURALITE D'ENCOCHES, UN ENROULEMENT STATORIQUE 7 INSERE DANS LESDITES ENCOCHES ET UN MATERIAU 8 ISOLANT DU POINT DE VUE ELECTRIQUE INSERE ENTRE L'ENROULEMENT 7 ET LE NOYAU 2, LES FENTES POSSEDENT UNE FORME EN COUPE TRANSVERSALE SENSIBLEMENT RECTANGULAIRE ET LES PARTIES 7A DE L'ENROULEMENT 7, QUI SONT INSEREES DANS LES FENTES POSSEDENT UNE FORME EN COUPE TRANSVERSALE RECTANGULAIRE ET LE RESTE 7B DE L'ENROULEMENT POSSEDE UNE FORME EN COUPE TRANSVERSALE CIRCULAIRE. APPLICATION NOTAMMENT AUX ALTERNATEURS UTILISES DANS DES VEHICULES AUTOMOBILES.

Stator destine a etre utilise dans un alternateur pour un vehicule et procede pour fabriquer ce stator

Figure 1 (A) Upon angiography, a large intracoronary thrombus burden was noticed in the left circumflex coronary artery (arrows). (B) A thrombus that had migrated into the guiding catheter was subsequently injected into the anterior descending artery (arrows). (C ) A repeated angiogram after 1 week revealed the dissolution of the thrombus with optimal medical therapy and coronary artery ectasia (arrows).

/pdf/horrifying-shift-of-a-giant-thrombus-during-coronary-85e4lleq.pdf

Horrifying shift of a giant thrombus during coronary intervention

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