The putative anticancer alkaloids berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, and sanguinarine are known to bind to nucleic acids. To develop them as potential drugs for therapeutic use, their binding affinity to functional proteins and mode of transport in the circulatory system need to be clearly understood. Towards this, many studies on their binding aspects to proteins have been reported and a considerable amount of data, mostly of biophysical nature, exists in the literature. The importance of these natural isoquinoline alkaloids and the recent literature on their interaction phenomena with functional proteins, serum albumins, hemoglobin, and lysozyme are presented in this review.

/pdf/natural-isoquinoline-alkaloids-binding-aspects-to-functional-4jnqapghfz.pdf

Natural isoquinoline alkaloids: binding aspects to functional proteins, serum albumins, hemoglobin, and lysozyme

A novel, highly accurate sample injection system for capillary electrophoresis (CE) was developed based on an inkjet microchip capable of reproducing exact introduction volumes at the picoliter level. The difficulty in analyte discrimination using electrokinetic injection was also overcome using this injection method. The injection system consisted of an XY stage, an inkjet droplet ejection microchip, and a reservoir with a plug-in septum. To evaluate the precision of the system, a mixture of NBD-labeled amino acids consisting of Gly, l-Phe, l-Asp, and l-Ser was separated, and the performance was compared with that of traditional hydrodynamic and electrokinetic injection methods. The results demonstrated that the introduced volume highly relied on the number of droplets with low relative standard derivation (RSD) and good linear correction coefficient in the proposed injection method. In addition, a urine sample was analyzed via CE coupled with the inkjet injection system for the detection of the amino ac...

Accurate and highly reproducible picoliter injection system for capillary electrophoresis.

This paper reports on a gas sample injection system for gas chromatography, with the specificity of being potentially able to sustain the harsh environment of natural gas. This device integrates six low-leak microvalves made from polyetheretherketone (PEEK) membranes on silicon substrates. We report on the design, operation principle, fabrication, and intrinsic characteristics of the micro injector as well as its measured behavior in a compact gas chromatograph. The overall size of the micro injector - 7 mm × 3 mm × 1.2 mm - is among the smallest reported in the literature, and it permits the injection of a 250-nL sample volume. Characterization revealed a transition time of less than 35 ms between the sampling mode and the injection mode of the microinjector, with an expected potential of high precision on injection sample volume, owing to the very low leakage levels. Continuous operation and reproducible measurements are demonstrated when using the micro injector in a miniaturized chromatographic system. Comparison with commercially available injectors revealed similar quality of gas sample injection.

Micro gas chromatography sample injector for the analysis of natural gas

簡易的かつ迅速なサンプリング方法を用いて汗を採取し, 汗中に含まれるイオン類を分離・定量した. 主に不感性発汗を10%エタノール水溶液40μlを汗の試料の捕集液として入れた小さなバイアルを手掌部人差し指皮膚表面上で接触させ, 汗を3分間サンプリングした. 次いでキャピラリー電気泳動法によりヒト汗中の陽イオンの分離・定量を行った. 汗中のカリウム, ナトリウム, カルシウム, マグネシウム, アンモニウムイオンを同時に一斉分離することを達成できた. 22～25歳の健常人被験者7人の汗を測定したところ, 各陽イオンの平均値は, K+=39.9, Na+=54.0, Ca2+=5.49, Mg2+=1.67, NH4+=5.13mMとなった. 本報告での汗中のカリウムイオン濃度は, 今までの報告値よりも高濃度となり, また血清中よりもかなり濃度が高くなり, 従来にない知見を得た. また, 汗中アンモニア濃度は血清中よりも100倍以上の高濃度となった.

キャピラリー電気泳動法によるヒト汗中のナトリウム, カリウム, カルシウム, マグネシウム, アンモニウムイオンの定量( 高度技術を支える分析化学)

Accurate nano-injection system for capillary gas chromatography.

An ultra-micro sample injector for gas chromatography (GC) was developed. An ink-jet microchip, originally used for industrial recorder, was modified at the edge near to an orifice, and fixed into the GC. In order to evaluate the characteristics of this injector, a sample injector and a thermal conductive detector (TCD) were connected directly, while water was used as the test sample. The volume of the droplet, the interval time and the back-pressure to the ink-jet microchip were investigated. Within the range of 1 - 5 nL volume injected sample, the TCD response according to the amount of the sample volume (the volume of one droplet from the ink-jet microchip was about 1 nL) was obtained. A good reproducibility of the peak area was obtained to be about 1.0% of the RSD value. In order to compare the injection method of the ink-jet chip with that using a micro-syringe, the method using the ink-jet chip could introduce 1/1000 of the amount of the sample and gave reproducible results.

Development of an Ultra-micro Sample Injector for Gas Chromatography Using an Ink-jet Microchip

試料導入部にインクジェットマイクロチップ，検出部にラジオ波ヘリウムプラズマを使用したフィンガーサイズ原子発光検出器（AED）を備えた小型元素分析システムを試作した．1,1,1-トリクロロ-2-メチル-2-プロパノール（クロレトン）のイソプロパノール溶液を試料溶液に用いて，この分析システムの検出特性を評価した．インクジェットマイクロチップから5100滴を吐出したとき，吐出量は2.36±0.04 μl（n ＝5）であったことから，1滴あたりの容積は463 plと推算された．塩素原子由来の837.6 nmにおける発光強度と，吐出液滴量あるいはクロレトン濃度との間に良好な直線関係を見いだした．2.5 mg/ml試料溶液を1滴吐出したときの発光強度（ピーク高さ）の再現性は相対標準偏差とて7.1％（n ＝6）であった．また，クロレトンの検出限界は184 pg（S/N＝3）であった．4滴の液滴を導入した時の検出限界濃度は85 μg/mlと推算された．

Compact Elemental Analysis System Equipped with an Inkjet Microchip for Pico-Liter Droplet Injection and a Finger-Sized Atomic Emission Detector

An ink-jet microchip interface between the continuous liquid flow and flame-ionization detector (FID) for gas chromatography (GC) has been developed. An ink-jet microchip for a conventional recorde...

Ink-jet Microchip Interface between Liquid Flow and Flame-ionization Detector

ガスクロマトグラフィー（GC）の試料導入のための新規インクジェットインジェクターを開発した．インクジェットマイクロチップは，チップ先端をテーパー加工し，GCの試料導入部に設置した．本インジェクターの特性を評価するため，試料導入部と熱伝導検出器（TCD）を直結した．試料として水を用い，吐出量，吐出間隔及びインクジェットチップ先端部分にかかる背圧等GC用インジェクターとして用いるための基礎的条件の検討を行った．試料導入量1～5 nlの範囲で，試料の量に応じたTCD応答が得られた．インクジェットによる試料導入は1滴当たりおよそ1 nlであり，その再現性はピーク面積約1.0％（RSD，n ＝5）であった．開発した新規インクジェットインジェクターでは通常のマイクロシリンジを用いる方法の1000分の1の試料量を再現性よく導入することができた．

Development of an Ultra-Micro Sample Injector for Gas Chromatography Using Ink-Jet Microchip

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Development of an Ultra-micro Sample Injector for Gas Chromatography Using an Ink-jet Microchip

Compact Elemental Analysis System Equipped with an Inkjet Microchip for Pico-Liter Droplet Injection and a Finger-Sized Atomic Emission Detector

Ink-jet Microchip Interface between Liquid Flow and Flame-ionization Detector

Development of an Ultra-Micro Sample Injector for Gas Chromatography Using Ink-Jet Microchip