2,604 names at the rank of subtribe, tribe, subfamily, family and superfamily have been proposed for Recent and fossil gastropods, and another 35 for monoplacophorans. All names are listed in a nomenclator giving full bibliographical reference, date of publication, typification, and their nomenclatural availability and validity under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Another 790 names, established for categories above the familygroup (infraorder to subclass) are listed separately. A fully ranked, hierarchical classification summarizes recent advances in the phylogeny of the Gastropoda and Monoplacophora. In all, the classification recognizes as valid a total of 721 gastropod families, of which 245 are known exclusively as fossils and 476 occur in the Recent with or without a fossil record; and 20 monoplacophoran families, of which 1 only occurs as Recent.Nomenclatural acts in this work: Amberleya bathonica Cox & Arkell, 1950, fixed as type species of Amberleya J. Morris & Lycett, 1851, under Art. 70.3; Ampezzopleura tenuis Nutzel, 1998, fixed as type species of Ampezzopleura Bandel, 1991, under Art. 70.3; Proserpina nitida G. B. Sowerby II, 1839, designated type species of Despoena Newton, 1891; Buccinum glabratum Linnaeus, 1758, designated type species of Dipsaccus H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853; Murex ficus Linnaeus, 1758, designated type species of Ficula Swainson, 1835; Oncomelania hupensis Gredler, 1881, designated type species of Hemibia Heude, 1890; Murex metaxa Delle Chiaje, 1828, fixed as type species of Metaxia Monterosato, 1884 under Art. 70.3; Neridomus anglicus Cox & Arkell, 1950, fixed as type species of Neridomus J. Morris & Lycett, 1851, under Art. 70.3; Navicella clypeolum Recluz, 1843, designated type species of Orthopoma Gray, 1868; Trochus viadrinus M. Schmidt, 1905, fixed as type species of Parataphrus Chavan, 1954 under Art. 70.3; Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758, designated type species of Pentataenia A. Schmidt, 1855; Flammulina ponsonbyi Suter, 1897, fixed as type species of Phenacohelix Suter, 1892, under Art. 70.3; Cyrtolites corniculum Eichwald, 1860, fixed as type species of Pollicina Koken, 1895, under Art. 70.3; Purpurina elegantula d'Orbigny, 1850, designated as type species of Purpurina d'Orbigny, 1850, and lectotype of Turbo bellona d'Orbigny, 1850, designated as neotype of Purpurina elegantula; Pyramidella minuscula Monterosato, 1880, fixed as type species of Tiberia Jeffreys, 1884, under Art. 70.3; Cyclostoma delicatum Philippi, 1844, fixed as type species of Trachysma G. O. Sars, 1878, under Art. 70.3; Helix elegans Gmelin, 1791, fixed as type species of Trochoidea T. Brown, 1827, under Art. 70.3; Turritellopsis stimpsoni Dall, 1919, fixed as type species of Turritellopsis G. O. Sars, 1878, under Art. 70.3; Fusus averillii Gabb, 1864, fixed as type species of Volutoderma Gabb, 1876, under Art. 70.3; Voluta pepo Lightfoot, 1786, fixed as type species of Yetus Bowdich, 1822. Curnonidae d'Udekem d'Acoz, nom. nov., and Curnon d'Udekem d'Acoz, nom. nov., are established for Charcotiidae Odhner, 1926, and Charcotia Vayssiere, 1906, (between 27 March and 1 May), non Charcotia Chevreux, 1906 (January) [Amphipoda]; Yuopisthonematidae Nutzel, nom. nov., and Yuopisthonema Nutzel, nom. nov., are established for Opisthonematidae Yu, 1976, and Opisthonema Yu, 1974, non Gill, 1862 [Pisces]. The new family-group name Burnupiidae Albrecht is established in this work; and the names Scolodontina and Orthalicoidei are first used here to denote, respectively, a suborder containing the family Scolodontidae, and an infraorder containing the superfamily Orthalicoidea.

Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families

Extant apes (Primates: Hominoidea) are the relics of a group that was much more diverse in the past. They originated in Africa around the Oligocene/Miocene boundary, but by the beginning of the Middle Miocene they expanded their range into Eurasia, where they experienced a far-reaching evolutionary radiation. A Eurasian origin of the great ape and human clade (Hominidae) has been favored by several authors, but the assessment of this hypothesis has been hampered by the lack of accurate datings for many Western Eurasian hominoids. Here we provide an updated chronology that incorporates recently discovered Iberian taxa and further reevaluates the age of many previously known sites on the basis of local biostratigraphic scales and magnetostratigraphic data. Our results show that identifiable Eurasian kenyapithecins (Griphopithecus and Kenyapithecus) are much younger than previously thought (ca. 14 Ma instead of 16 Ma), which casts serious doubts on the attribution of the hominoid tooth from Engelswies (16.3–16.5 Ma) to cf. Griphopithecus. This evidence is further consistent with an alternative scenario, according to which the Eurasian pongines and African hominines might have independently evolved in their respective continents from similar kenyapithecin ancestors, resulting from an early Middle Miocene intercontinental range extension followed by vicariance. This hypothesis, which would imply an independent origin of orthogrady in pongines and hominines, deserves further testing by accurately inferring the phylogenetic position of European dryopithecins, which might be stem pongines rather than stem hominines.

https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/108/14/5554.full.pdf

Updated chronology for the Miocene hominoid radiation in Western Eurasia

Neogene lake systems of Central and South-Eastern Europe: Faunal diversity, gradients and interrelations

The radicine pond snails represent a species-rich and widely distributed group, many species of which are key vectors of human and animal trematodoses Here we clarify the taxonomy, distribution and evolutionary biogeography of the radicine lymnaeids in the Old World based on the most comprehensive multi-locus molecular dataset sampled to date We show that the subfamily Amphipepleinae is monophyletic and contains at least ten genus-level clades: Radix Montfort, 1810, Ampullaceana Servain, 1881, Peregriana Servain, 1881, Tibetoradix Bolotov, Vinarski & Aksenova gen nov, Kamtschaticana Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1984, Orientogalba Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1985, Cerasina Kobelt, 1881, Myxas G B Sowerby I, 1822, Bullastra Bergh, 1901, and Austropeplea Cotton, 1942 With respect to our phylogeny, species-delimitation model and morphological data, the Old World fauna includes 35 biological species of radicines Tibet and Eastern Europe harbor the richest faunas, while East Asia and Africa appear to be the most species-poor areas The radicine clade could have originated near the Cretaceous – Paleocene boundary The Miocene great lakes in Eurasia seems to be the most important evolutionary hotspots shaping spatial patterns of recent species richness Finally, we present the first DNA barcode reference library for the reliable molecular identification of species within this group

/pdf/species-richness-molecular-taxonomy-and-biogeography-of-the-5gqbnixit1.pdf

Species Richness, Molecular Taxonomy and Biogeography of the Radicine Pond Snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World.

On the integrated stratigraphy

The Eichkogel and Richardhof sections represent two important reference faunas for the reconstruction of the Late Miocene continental mollusc faunas. New investigations with strong focus on the micro-vertebrate assemblages of the Pannonian in the Vienna Basin by G. D AXNERHOCK (NHMW) allow a rather precise dating of the Vallesian to Early Turolian faunas into the mammal zones MN 9 (samples Richardhof RH A/2, RH A/7), MN 10 (samples Richardhof Rh 1, Rh 3, Rh 5) and MN 11 (Eichkogel). The increase in material and the improved stratigraphic resolution of the formerly intermingled faunas - aside from the fact that the already published taxa are partly hidden in various papers dealing with special taxonomic problems - motivated us to produce a critical synopsis of the knowledge of these faunas. For the first time, the protoconch features are also documented for many of the discussed species. In total, 84 mollusc taxa are known from the sections. Of these, 71 are recorded from the Eichkogel section and 58 from the Richardhof section. Pseudamnicola hoeckae nov. sp., Granaria moedlingensis nov. sp., Janulus

Synopsis of the Late Miocene mollusc fauna of the classical sections Richardhof and Eichkogel in the Vienna Basin (Austria, Pannonian, MN 9-MN 11)

We present the first thorough revision of the continental mollusc fauna from the early Middle Miocene wetlands of the Rein Basin (Styria, Austria). Lake Rein was a shallow ephemeral lake with carbonate sedimentation. Its mollusc assemblage comprises 13 species and is dominated by planorbid gastropods in species and individual numbers, accompanied by lymnaeids and rare hydrobiids. The terrestrial assemblage consists of 35 species with Discidae, Elonidae and Helicidae as most abundant taxa along with carychiids. The terrestrial gastropods suggest moist woodland and only limited areas of open habitats; the freshwater species point to stagnant and shallow water bodies with dense vegetation and only very limited fluvial input. Many taxa are illustrated for the first time and historical mis-identifications are corrected. About one third of the species is known so far from the Rein Basin only, but the majority of the species is also known from other Middle Miocene lakes and wetlands of Central Europe. The strongest faunistic relations are indicated with the Badenian wetlands of the Paratethys Sea and the so-called Silvana-beds of Southern Germany. Hauffenia mandici Neubauer & Harzhauser n. sp., Radix enzenbachensis Neubauer & Harzhauser n. sp., Gyraulus krohi Neubauer & Harzhauser n. sp., Truncatellina pantherae Harzhauser & Neubauer n. sp., Euconulus styriacus Harzhauser, Neubauer & Binder n. sp., “Discus” schneideri Harzhauser & Neubauer n. sp. and Musculium miocaenicum Neubauer & Harzhauser n. sp. are introduced as new species. Cochlodina (Miophaedusa) reinensis Harzhauser & Neubauer n. nom. is introduced as replacement name for Clausilia gobanzi Penecke, 1891 non Pfeiffer, 1868.

The early Middle Miocene mollusc fauna of Lake Rein (Eastern Alps,Austria)

A rare late Sarmatian terrestrial gastropod fauna is described from the Gratkorn Basin. This intramontane basin developed during the Miocene at the junction between the Eastern Alps and the Pannonian Basin System. During the mid-Sarmatian, a considerable drop of the relative sea level, probably coinciding with uplift in the Eastern Alps, caused the Paratethys Sea to retreat from marginal basins and embayments. An alluvial plain developed in the Gratkorn Basin, indicated by fluvial gravel and paleosol formation. A moderately diverse gastropod fauna of 17 species inhabited this alluvial plain. The composition corresponds to Sarmatian faunas from southern Germany and the North-Alpine Foreland Basin. Taxonomically, it can clearly be distinguished from superficially similar and ecologically equivalent faunas of the Pannonian. Thus, we document the value of terrestrial gastropods as a biostratigraphic tool to date the lithologically often very similar freshwater systems in Miocene intramontane basins. The clausiliid Pseudidyla martingrossi Harzhauser & Binder and the camaenid Pleurodonte michalkovaci Binder & Harzhauser are introduced as new gastropod species.

Biostratigraphy of Middle Miocene (Sarmatian) wetland systems in an Eastern Alpine intramontane basin (Gratkorn Basin, Austria): the terrestrial gastropod approach

The systematic positions of the genera Pseudochloritis C. Boettger 1909 and Joossia Pfeffer 1929: (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Helicoidea: Helicidae)

Taxonomic review of the fossil land gastropod species hitherto placed in the genus Galactochilus Sandberger 1875, with the description of a new genus (Gastropoda: Helicoidea)

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