The effect of nano-additives in diesel-biodiesel fuel blends: A comprehensive review on stability, engine performance and emission characteristics

Response surface methodology for optimization of cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion with improved stability and antifungal activity.

Effects of emulsifiers on the physicochemical stability of Oil-in-water Nanoemulsions: A critical review

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105955

Ultrasound-assisted processing: Science, technology and challenges for the plant-based protein industry

Green synthesis of garlic oil nanoemulsion using ultrasonication technique and its mechanism of antifungal action against Penicillium italicum.

Ultrasonication assisted formation and stability of water-in-oil nanoemulsions: Optimization and ternary diagram analysis.

Present study deals with the newly investigated CEMNSE (combined energy mixed surfactant nanoemulsion) method for optimizing the operating parameters concerned with the formation of water-in-oil nanoemulsions (W/O NE). The formulation process was intensified by optimizing the operating parameters of CEMNSE method by minimizing functions of two response variables viz. avg. droplet size (nm) and kinematic viscosity (mm2.s−1). A combined approach of ultrasonic cavitation and isothermal dilution method is used in formulating W/O NE. Optimization is carried out with an integral hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) with back propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) based on rotatable central composite design (RCCD). Combined approach process parameters as input to the proposed models are water fraction (0.05-0.11, w/w), surfactant fraction (0.10-0.020, w/w), power density (21.25–46.75, W. cm-2), and ultrasonication time (4–10, min.). Hybrid GA model predicted optimum values of avg. droplet size and kinematic viscosity as 53.54 nm and 1.459 mm2.s−1, respectively, with errors

Ultrasound assisted synthesis of water-in-oil nanoemulsions: Parametric optimization using hybrid ANN-GA approach

Formation of water-in-diesel oil (w/o) nano-emulsion has been achieved by a low-energy emulsification method by stabilizing a new combination of nonionic sorbitan esters surfactants, that is PEG20-sorbitan monostearate and sorbitan monooleate in mixed proportions. Different combinations of the surfactants (T6 + S8) have been tested and the best possible combination of mixed surfactants is found at a surfactants ratio of 35:65 (wt/wt) for T6:S8 at hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) = 8.01, which resulted in smaller droplet size of 44.87 nm. A phase diagram study is performed to identify the zones of formation of transparent, translucent, and opaque emulsions (44 nm < droplet size < 700 nm). The mechanism responsible for the instability of emulsion is explained by Ostwald ripening, with inference describing a decrease in particle size with the Ostwald ripening rate. In case of nano-emulsion of droplet size 64.28 nm, the Oswald ripening rate is found as 0.0874 × 10−27 m3 · s−1. Comparison of Ostwald ...

Preparation of water-in-diesel oil nano-emulsion using nonionic surfactants with enhanced stability and flow properties

Diesel engines are used in heavy transportation vehicles and heavy machineries as they produce higher torque at low speeds for a given power meeting the primary requirement for a heavy engine. Moreover, diesel engines provide higher compression ratio and, if gasoline has to be used in bigger engines, they will produce higher knocking due to preignition. Therefore, the use of diesel in heavy vehicles is indispensable; however, exhaust gases emerging from the engine contain pollutants predominantly nitric oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). Nowadays, there is an extensive focus toward improving emission characteristics and enhanced combustion properties with pure diesel oil in an IC engine. One of the recent ways to achieve the similar characteristics is to develop a water-in-diesel oil (W/D) nanoemulsion that reduces the pollutants and at the same time enhances combustion properties. Therefore, the proposed chapter is aimed to discuss the advancement and opportunities in W/D nanoemulsion fuel preparation using different surfactants and additives that provide improved emission characteristics and engine performance.

Water-in-Diesel Nanoemulsion Fuels for Diesel Engine: Combustion Properties and Emission Characteristics

The production of ethyl acetate is gaining lot of attention because of the growing needs of the greener fuel in the world. Reactive distillation (RD) is a column in which reactor and separator work simultaneously. Ethyl acetate is an ester produced through the reversible reactions such as esterification and etherification in reactive distillation column. In the proposed work modeling of the reactive distillation column for the production of ethyl acetate is given. The model incorporates reaction kinetics and vapor liquid non idealities balanced through MESH (Material Balance, Equilibrium Relationships, Summation equation and energy balance). Present study discussed the current modeling techniques and its importance.

http://inpressco.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Paper71842-845.pdf

Modeling of Reactive Distillation Column for the production of Ethyl Acetate

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