Background The number of mental health apps (MHapps) developed and now available to smartphone users has increased in recent years. MHapps and other technology-based solutions have the potential to play an important part in the future of mental health care; however, there is no single guide for the development of evidence-based MHapps. Many currently available MHapps lack features that would greatly improve their functionality, or include features that are not optimized. Furthermore, MHapp developers rarely conduct or publish trial-based experimental validation of their apps. Indeed, a previous systematic review revealed a complete lack of trial-based evidence for many of the hundreds of MHapps available. Objective To guide future MHapp development, a set of clear, practical, evidence-based recommendations is presented for MHapp developers to create better, more rigorous apps. Methods A literature review was conducted, scrutinizing research across diverse fields, including mental health interventions, preventative health, mobile health, and mobile app design. Results Sixteen recommendations were formulated. Evidence for each recommendation is discussed, and guidance on how these recommendations might be integrated into the overall design of an MHapp is offered. Each recommendation is rated on the basis of the strength of associated evidence. It is important to design an MHapp using a behavioral plan and interactive framework that encourages the user to engage with the app; thus, it may not be possible to incorporate all 16 recommendations into a single MHapp. Conclusions Randomized controlled trials are required to validate future MHapps and the principles upon which they are designed, and to further investigate the recommendations presented in this review. Effective MHapps are required to help prevent mental health problems and to ease the burden on health systems.

/pdf/mental-health-smartphone-apps-review-and-evidence-based-3qgx7xdfov.pdf

Mental Health Smartphone Apps: Review and Evidence-Based Recommendations for Future Developments

Internet-delivered psychological treatments: from innovation to implementation

During the past 15 years, much progress has been made in developing and testing Internet-delivered psychological treatments. In particular, therapist-guided Internet treatments have been found to be effective for a wide range of psychiatric and somatic conditions in well over 100 controlled trials. These treatments require (a) a secure web platform, (b) robust assessment procedures, (c) treatment contents that can be text based or offered in other formats, and (d) a therapist role that differs from that in face-to-face therapy. Studies suggest that guided Internet treatments can be as effective as face-to-face treatments, lead to sustained improvements, work in clinically representative conditions, and probably are cost-effective. Despite these research findings, Internet treatment is not yet disseminated in most places, and clinical psychologists should consider using modern information technology and evidence-based treatment programs as a complement to their other services, even though there will always be clients for whom face-to-face treatment is the best option.

Internet-Delivered Psychological Treatments

Background: There are an increasing number of mobile apps available for adolescents with mental health problems and an increasing interest in assimilating mobile health (mHealth) into mental health services Despite the growing number of apps available, the evidence base for their efficacy is unclear Objective: This review aimed to systematically appraise the available research evidence on the efficacy and acceptability of mobile apps for mental health in children and adolescents younger than 18 years Methods: The following were systematically searched for relevant publications between January 2008 and July 2016: APA PsychNet, ACM Digital Library, Cochrane Library, Community Care Inform-Children, EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Social Policy and Practice, Web of Science, Journal of Medical Internet Research, Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, and OpenGrey Abstracts were included if they described mental health apps (targeting depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, self-harm, suicide prevention, conduct disorder, eating disorders and body image issues, schizophrenia, psychosis, and insomnia) for mobile devices and for use by adolescents younger than 18 years Results: A total of 24 publications met the inclusion criteria These described 15 apps, two of which were available to download Two small randomized trials and one case study failed to demonstrate a significant effect of three apps on intended mental health outcomes Articles that analyzed the content of six apps for children and adolescents that were available to download established that none had undergone any research evaluation Feasibility outcomes suggest acceptability of apps was good and app usage was moderate Conclusions: Overall, there is currently insufficient research evidence to support the effectiveness of apps for children, preadolescents, and adolescents with mental health problems Given the number and pace at which mHealth apps are being released on app stores, methodologically robust research studies evaluating their safety, efficacy, and effectiveness is promptly needed [J Med Internet Res 2017;19(5):e176]

/pdf/mental-health-mobile-apps-for-preadolescents-and-adolescents-ngb93ipwkg.pdf

Mental Health Mobile Apps for Preadolescents and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Objectives Although the efficacy of smartphone-delivered interventions for mental health problems is emerging, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of smartphone interventions are characterized by high rates of attrition and low adherence. High attrition and low adherence may threaten the validity of RCT findings, so a better understanding of these phenomena is needed. We examined attrition and adherence in 70 RCTs of smartphone interventions. Method Four online databases were searched for RCTs of mental health interventions delivered via smartphones. Results The mean meta-analytic study attrition rate was 24.1% (95% CI [19.3, 29.6]) at short-term follow up and 35.5% (95% CI [26.7, 45.3]) at longer-term follow up. These rates varied according to target mental health condition. Attrition rates were significantly lower in trials that delivered an acceptance-based intervention, offered participants monetary compensation, and reminded participants to engage in the intervention, and were significantly higher in trials that used an online enrollment method (relative to telephone or in-person enrollment). No participant-level baseline characteristic reliably predicted attrition. Evidence of attrition bias came from many RCTs not conducting intention-to-treat analyses. However, the mean difference in the between-groups effect size on primary outcomes in trials that reported both per protocol an intention-to-treat analyses was only Δd = 0.18. Adherence rates were also suboptimal based on our qualitative synthesis; several participants failed to download the intervention, and intervention usage consistently declined over the course of the trial. Conclusion Study attrition and low adherence are common, problematic, and may undermine the validity of findings in RCTs of smartphone-delivered interventions for mental health problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Attrition and adherence in smartphone-delivered interventions for mental health problems: A systematic and meta-analytic review

Kontrollerade studier har visat att internetformedlad datorbaserad kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) ar effektiv i behandling av social fobi. Denna randomiserade och kontrollerade studie undersokte eff ...

Kognitiv beteendeterapi och interpersonell terapi vid social fobi förmedlad via smarttelefon

Cognitive behavior therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder delivered via smartphone and computer: A randomized controlled trial

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Kognitiv beteendeterapi och interpersonell terapi vid social fobi förmedlad via smarttelefon

Cognitive behavior therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder delivered via smartphone and computer: A randomized controlled trial