In January 1843, Dorothea Lynde Dix, an obscure, middle-aged Boston spinster, known, if at all, as a schoolteacher and sometime author of re- ligious books, submitted a sensational petition to the Massachusetts Gen- eral Court. In its pages she claimed to expose the appalling condition of pauper lunatics throughout the state, county by county, town by town. "I proceed, Gentlemen," she announced, "briefly to call your attention to the present state of Insane Persons confined within this Commonwealth, in cages, closets, stalls, pens! Chained, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience!" (Dix, Memorial, 1843, 4). These words are from the opening of Dix's Memorial to the Legislature of Massachusetts, long recognized as the touchstone of the American asylum movement, and among the most power- ful documents ever written in the history of American social reform. Sam- uel Gridley Howe, who had just the month before won a seat in the lower house of the assembly, admiringly likened its impact to a discharge...

Dorothea Dix and the English Origins of the American Asylum Movement

Programs for incarcerated mothers and their children have received little scholarly attention over the years. This article presents a historical review and discussion of programs for incarcerated mothers and their children in the United States. Recurring themes in the history of these programs include the pervasive effects of race and class, the state's attempt to regulate and control women's minds and bodies, and the persistent dilemmas posed by the presence of mothers in prison. The article begins with an examination of historical influences from England and continues with an overview of programs in the United States from the early 1800s to the present. A discussion and recommendations for further research are provided.

A Historical Review of Mother and Child Programs for Incarcerated Women

My dissertation investigates, at its broadest level, the visualization of the future city in Moscow and New York at the end of the 1920s. In particular I examine two imaginative designs executed in the form of "paper architecture." One proposition was delivered by Georgii Tikhonovich Krutikov, a Soviet student of architecture, who in 1928 presented a diploma project called Gorod budushchego (City of the Future), and the other model was suggested by Hugh Ferriss, an architectural Tenderer, in his book entitled The Metropolis of Tomorrow, published in 1929.1 want to discover the circumstances that prompted these two architects to suggest intriguing concepts of the ideal city, in which both authors employed similar metaphors, associated with height and a skyward trend applied to urban space. Evidently their projects announced novel ways to rethink the form of a modern city, but why is the improbable concept of " f l y i ng " such an important part of Krutikov 's gorod, and why does Ferriss's metropolis evoke mountainous formations? What were the conditions at play at the end of the 1920s that prompted both architects to propose such eccentric visions? Since Krutikov's professional debut coincided with the Communist Party's adoption of Stalin's First Five-Year-Plan (October 1928 December 1932), and Ferriss's publication concurred with the Wal l Street Crash inl929, my interest leads me to reevaluate these two projects according to issues and ideas residing outside of aesthetics

Urbanotopia and the frontier : reaching heights before the crash in Moscow and New York at the end of the 1920s

History of American Nursing: Trends and Eras is the first comprehensive nursing history text to be published in years. It provides a historical overview essential to developing a complete understanding of the nursing profession. For each key era of U.S. history, nursing is examined in the contexts of the sociopolitical climate of the day, the image of nurses, nursing education, advances in practice, war and its effect on nursing, licensure and regulation, and nursing research and its implications. From early nursing to Nightingale's revolutionizing influence, through two world wars to today, this succinct text engages students in an exploration of nursing's past while connecting it to nursing practice in the present. A History of American Nursing: Trends and Eras is designed to inform and empower today's student nurses as they help to create the future of nursing.

A history of American nursing : trends and eras

Mental health courts (MHC) are treatment oriented court diversion programs that seek to redirect individuals with severe mental illnesses (SMI), such as those with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression, who have committed a crime, into court mandated treatment programs instead of the criminal justice system. It is believed that individuals with SMI commit and re-commit offenses as a result of their illness and if directed to the appropriate treatments, would be less likely to offend. Currently, there are over 150 MHCs nationally operating in at least 35 states, yet a gap remains in the scientific literature concerning their ability to reduce recidivism and clinical outcomes. To determine their effectiveness in reducing recidivism and improving clinical outcomes, the first meta-analytic study of these courts was conducted. A systematic search of the literature through May 2008, as well as an e-mail survey, generated 23 studies representing 129 outcomes with over 11,000 MHC participants. Aggregate effects for recidivism revealed a mean effect size of -0.52. MHCs had a small to medium positive effect of 0.28 on a participant's quality of life. Among quasi-experimental studies, there was a small effect size of - 0.14 for clinical outcomes indicating a positive improvement. Based on this analysis, MHCs are effective interventions for reducing recidivism and improving clinical and quality of life outcomes.

/pdf/assessing-the-effectiveness-of-mental-health-courts-a-meta-3fgmnwo50p.pdf

Assessing the effectiveness of mental health courts: A meta-analysis of clinical and recidivism outcomes

Dorothea Dix : forgotten Samaritan

Mary Adelaide Nutting : pioneer of modern nursing

The Eleventh Decade

Dorothea Dix, Forgotten Samaritan

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Dorothea Dix : forgotten Samaritan

Mary Adelaide Nutting : pioneer of modern nursing

The Eleventh Decade

Dorothea Dix, Forgotten Samaritan