The year 2018 marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of publication of Joan Tronto’s Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care. The argument advanced by Tronto in Moral Boundaries represented a significant intervention in feminist scholarship on the question of care and its provision, principally because it called our attention to the political contexts within which this work is always conducted. In this symposium, we have asked contributors to revisit Tronto’s contribution with an eye toward assessing the current state of our theoretical as well as political engagement with the question of “social reproduction” in its many forms. This symposium concludes with a response by Tronto to her interlocutors. For those who are unfamiliar with this path-breaking book or who have not read it recently, Moral Boundaries opens with a question: “What would it mean in late twentieth century American society to take seriously, as part of our definition of a good society, the values of caring — attentiveness, responsibility, nurturance, compassion, meeting others’ needs — traditionally associated with women and traditionally excluded from public consideration?” (2–3). The very asking of this question represented a challenge to much influential feminist scholarship at the

Symposium Review: 25th Anniversary of Moral Boundaries by Joan Tronto

The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents, and Citizens. By Seyla Benhabib. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 251p. $65.00 cloth, $23.99 paper. Between 1910 and 2000, the world's population more than tripled, from 1.6 to 5.3 billion. The number of persons who live as migrants in countries other than those in which they were born increased nearly sixfold, from 33 million to 175 million, and more than half of this increase has occurred since 1965. Almost 20 million of these are refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced persons. In her book, Seyla Benhabib grapples with both the political and moral implications of this rapid increase in transnational migration, arguing that the central principles that shape our thinking about political membership and state sovereignty are in tension, if not outright contradiction, with one another. “From a philosophical point of view,” she writes, “transnational migrations bring to the fore the constitutive dilemma at the heart of liberal democracies: between sovereign self-determination claims on the one hand and adherence to universal human rights principles on the other” (p. 2). She argues for an internal reconstruction of both, underscoring the significance of membership in bounded communities, while at the same time promoting the cultivation of democratic loyalties that exceed the national state, supporting political participation on the part of citizens and noncitizen residents alike.

The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents, and Citizens

Migration and integration research has been institutionalized over the last few decades. However, an increasing number of voices has been calling for more reflexivity, criticizing the nation-state- and ethnicity-centred epistemology that often informs this discipline. Consistently with this line of reasoning, I argue that migration and integration research originates in a historically institutionalized nation-state migration apparatus and is thus entangled with a particular normalization discourse. Therefore, this field of study contributes to reproducing the categories of this particular migration apparatus. This entanglement poses some serious dilemmas for this research tradition, dilemmas that ask for further consideration and possible solutions. My main proposition is to ‘de-migranticize' migration and integration research. I outline possible ways of doing so and discuss the consequences of such a strategy for the future of migration and integration studies.

/pdf/a-plea-for-the-de-migranticization-of-research-on-migration-cm3gg1lour.pdf

A plea for the ‘de-migranticization' of research on migration and integration

2. Society, Economy, and the State Effect

This article proposes a conceptual framework for studying remittances as social transactions that can take a number of different forms. For the past three decades, the dominant framework for understanding remittance relationships has been the continuum of senders' motives from altruism to self-interest. This approach has its roots in economics and has shaped much of the quantitative research on remittances. In parallel, a growing body of ethnographic research has examined transnational money transfers with perspectives and data that differ from those of economists. The insights from these ethnographic studies are valuable, but remain fragmented and marginal in research on remittances. Two key points emerge from the ethnographic literature: Remittances are at the core of composite transactions with material, emotional, and relational elements, and there is great variation in the nature and logic of these transactions. The framework proposed here is designed to engage with both complexity and variation. It systematically draws upon a large body of ethnographic literature and introduces remittance scripts as an analytical tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/imre.12143

Scripting Remittances: Making Sense of Money Transfers in Transnational Relationships

In this article we discuss how transnational motherhood is managed and experienced in contexts of uncertainty and conflicting pressures. We propose a conceptual approach and apply it to a specific case: female migration from Cape Verde to Europe and North America. The analysis is based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork conducted by the authors in Cape Verde and the diaspora over the past decade. We first address the ideal of and expectations towards transnational mothering in Cape Verde, relating these to local forms of kinship, fostering and household organisation. We demonstrate that lengthy separations between mothers and young children are socially constructed as a normal aspect of transnational lives: they are a painful necessity, but are not automatically assumed to be traumatic. In an ideal situation, the biological mother and the foster mother play complementary roles in what we describe as the transnational fostering triangle. Subsequently, we ask how transnational mothering is confronted by un...

Mobility, Moralities and Motherhood: Navigating the Contingencies of Cape Verdean Lives

This paper introduces a collection of articles that share ethnographic perspectives on the intersections between deportation, anxiety and justice. As a form of expulsion regulating human mobility, deportation policies may be justified by public authorities as measures responding to anxieties over (unregulated) migration. At the same time, they also bring out uncertainty and unrest to deportable/deported migrants and their families. Providing new and complementary insights into what ‘deportation’ as a legal and policy measure actually embraces in social reality, this special issue argues for an understanding of deportation as a process that begins long before, and carries on long after, the removal from one country to another takes place. It provides a transnational perspective over the ‘deportation corridor’, covering different places, sites, actors and institutions. Furthermore, it reasserts the emotional and normative elements inherent to deportation policies and practices emphasising the interplay between deportation, perceptions of justice and national, institutional and personal anxieties. The papers cover a broad spectrum of geographical sites, deportation practices and perspectives and are a significant and long overdue contribution to the current state of the art in deportation studies.

Deportation, Anxiety, Justice: New Ethnographic Perspectives

Anthropological Perspectives on Care: Work, Kinship, and the Life-Course

In diesem gleichsam einfuhrenden wie programmatischen Beitrag wird die These verfolgt, dass sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten in der Integrations- und Migrationsforschung eine intellektuelle Krise ereignet hat, die vor allem die zentralen Grundbegriffe – Migration, Kultur und Gesellschaft – kritisch hinterfragt. Im Rahmen der daran anknupfenden „reflexiven Wende“ geht es verstarkt darum, die Wissens- und Bedeutungszusammenhange zum Thema zu machen, durch die Migration als abgrenzbares Phanomen in Erscheinung tritt. Den Konstruktcharakter wissenschaftlichen Wissens uber Migration klarer zu erkennen, fuhrt aber nicht zu einer Abkehr von empirischer Forschung, sondern stimuliert, wie dieser Sammelband zeigt, die Entwicklung neuer thematischer Zuschnitte, theoretischer Konzepte und Forschungsansatze, denen bei aller Pluralitat gemein ist, dass sie sich aus den empirischen und intellektuellen Begrenzungen des ehemals dominanten Integrations- und Ungleichheitsparadigmas herausgelost haben. Sie stehen in diesem Sinne fur einen sich immer deutlicher abzeichnenden Paradigmenwechsel der Migrationsforschung.

Einleitung: Die reflexive Wende in der Migrationsforschung

Anthropological Perspectives on Care

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