Policy monitoring is often seen as a crucial ingredient of policy evaluation, but theoretically informed empirical analyses of real-world policy monitoring practices are still rare. This paper addresses this gap by focusing on climate policy monitoring in the European Union, which has a relatively stringent system of greenhouse gas monitoring but a much less demanding approach to monitoring policies. It explores how institutional settings, policy implementation, and the quality of information may impact the practices and politics of policy monitoring. Drawing on quantitative regression models and qualitative interviews, it demonstrates that policy monitoring has evolved over time and is itself subject to implementation pressures, but also exhibits learning effects that improve its quality. In further developing both everyday policy monitoring practices and academic understanding of them, there is a need to pay attention to their design—specifically, the impact of any overarching rules, the institutional support for implementation, and the criteria governing the quality of the information they deliver. In short, policy monitoring should be treated as a governance activity in its own right, raising many different design challenges.

/pdf/policy-monitoring-in-the-eu-the-impact-of-institutions-325qvfralt.pdf

Policy Monitoring in the EU: The Impact of Institutions, Implementation, and Quality

Noch vor 15 Jahren galt die verbreitete Annahme, die dringendsten Fragen der deutschen Wohnungspolitik seien gelost. Eine dem Zeitgeist entsprechende Abkehr von der staatlichen wohnungspolitischen Steuerung hin zur okonomischen Selbstregulierung des Wohnungsmarkes hatte sich durchgesetzt. Dieser politische Ruckzug erweist sich angesichts rasant steigender Miet- und Immobilienpreise und den damit verbundenen Folgekosten wie soziale Segregation, Armutsgefahrdung und eine erheblich eingeschrankte Vermogensbildung der sogenannten Mittelschicht als problematisch.

Lokale Wohnungspolitik im Kontext sozioökonomischer Herausforderung und diskursiver Problemdeutung: Ein Städtevergleich

It is difficult to achieve ideal results only based on a single subject for governing global climate issues, and the synergy co-governance of multiple subjects may address this difficulty. Based on the different resource advantages and interests of China, the US, and the EU, the roles they assume and play in the governance of global climate issues are different. In this study, we explore the competition and interaction between the carbon neutral strategies of China, the US, and the EU under different scenarios through the dynamic evolution game model and use simulation analysis to simulate the impact of changes in the initial values of the main parameters on the evolution trend of the three-party game strategy under a variety of scenarios, in order to explore the dynamic evolution path of the behavior of the three parties in the game and the stabilization strategy. The result of this study suggests that: (1) The strategic choices of different participants in global climate governance interact with each other. (2) The ideal strategy combination may be achieved when the carbon neutral strategy game is carried out between China, the US, and the EU under certain conditions. (3) If the initial willingness to cooperate changes, with the Evolutionary Stable Strategy (ESS) unchanged, only the convergence rate of the evolutionary game subject's strategy choices will be affected. (4) The result of the sensitivity analysis suggests that certain policy conflicts exist in the evolution process of carbon neutrality strategies in China, the US, and the EU. Besides, the evolution path will deviate from the ideal state with the change in the benefits of different entities. The conclusion of this study can provide a valuable reference for China, the US, and the EU to divide responsibilities and form a consensus in the synergy governance mechanism, such that the effectiveness of global climate governance can be increased. 

Research on the synergy mechanism of multiple subjects in global climate governance: Based on the perspective of the evolutionary game of carbon neutral strategy between China, the US, and the EU

In this study, we examine the influential role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in shaping climate policy in Tunisia. Tunisia is a critical front in the global green transition. Our findings highlight how improved working conditions significantly increase NGO participation in climate initiatives, underscoring the value of a supportive operating environment. Growing professionalism within NGOs is particularly influencing strategic development in areas such as the Resilience 2050 and Low Carbon Economy 2050 programs. The interplay between NGOs and government agencies emerges as a transformative factor; exclusion from policymaking processes can lead some NGOs to intensify their climate action, while collaboration with governments and access to international funding generally strengthen NGOs’ commitment to broader climate agendas. We also explore the influence of resource constraints on NGOs’ ability to multitask, and the link between financial stability and political engagement. Our study highlights the importance of fostering robust NGO-government partnerships that balance local insights with global perspectives for effective climate action, and points to the need for such collaborations to support Tunisia's green transition within the broader context of global climate governance. 

The role of NGOs in climate policies: The case of Tunisia

The fossil fuel industry has dominated Australia’s economy for decades and has built a strong alliance with governments in various spheres, benefiting from subsidies and influencing policymaking. With global pressures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the increasing penetration of renewable sources, the status quo of the Australian electricity market is being challenged. Within this study, we seek to understand how the emerging renewable industry is acting to accelerate the sustainable energy transition in Australia. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with professionals within the sector to provide evidence to investigate if there is an imbalance between their measures and those taken by the fossil fuel industry to participate in the formulation of policies. From the interviews, a qualitative analysis was conducted and key themes emerged and were grouped in three main dimensions: the “barriers” faced by RE in Australia, the “enablers” or opportunities identified by the participants to overcome the existing barriers, and “strategies” used to influence decision-making. Results suggest that, compared to the renewable energy companies, the dominant fossil fuel industry is highly resourced, companies have strong internal structures and are actively involved in lobbying. Despite this disparity, the renewable sector has put strategies in place to strengthen their voice and influence by forming interest groups, carefully selecting topics for discussion, and engaging consultants to provide advisory services to support policy engagement. 

Understanding the lobbying actions taken by the Australian renewable energy industry

Does climate advocacy matter? The importance of competing interest groups for national climate policies

Die Studie zeigt, dass ein statistischer Vergleich nur wenig aussagekraftige Hinweise daruber liefert, was allgemeine Ursachen der Mietbelastung in den Stadten sind. Vielmehr sind die Mietmarkte offenbar sehr divers, sodass sich aus den Modellen keine generellen Schlussfolgerungen fur durchzufuhrende Masnahmen ergeben. Die qualitativen Fallstudien zeigen, dass Stadte eine breite Palette von Handlungsmoglichkeiten zur Verfugung steht, wenn sie mit entsprechenden Ressourcen (Finanzen, Know-how) ausgestattet sind und in der Stadt der politische Wille vorhanden ist, in den Mietmarkte zu intervenieren.

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/216025/1/hbs-fofoe-wp-100-2018.pdf

Lokale Wohnungspolitik in Deutschland

Governance for the European Energy Union. Options for coordinating EU climate and energy policy up to 2030

Governance für die Europäische Energieunion. Gestaltungsoptionen für die Steuerung der EU-Klima- und Energiepolitik bis 2030

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