Sexting is the sharing of sexually explicit images, videos, and/or messages via electronic devices. Prevalence estimates of sexting have varied substantially, potentially due to broad age ranges being examined. The current study sought to synthesize relevant findings examining the prevalence of consensual and non-consensual sexting in a specific developmental period, emerging adulthood (≥ 18–< 29), to try to explain discrepancies in the literature. Searches were conducted in electronic databases for articles published up to April 2018. Relevant data from 50 studies with 18,122 emerging adults were extracted. The prevalence of sexting behaviors were: sending 38.3% (k = 41; CI 32.0–44.6), receiving 41.5% (k = 19; CI 31.9–51.2), and reciprocal sexting 47.7% (k = 16; CI 37.6–57.8). Thus, sexting is a common behavior among emerging adults. The prevalence of non-consensual forwarding of sexts was also frequent in emerging adults at 15.0% (k = 7; CI 6.9–23.2). Educational awareness initiatives on digital citizenship and psychological consequences of the non-consensual forwarding of sexts should be targeted to youth and emerging adults with the hopes of mitigating this potentially damaging and illegal behavior.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10508-020-01656-4.pdf

The Prevalence of Sexting Behaviors Among Emerging Adults: A Meta-Analysis.

A systematic review of the current knowledge regarding revenge pornography and non-consensual sharing of sexually explicit media

Image-based sexual abuse: The extent, nature, and predictors of perpetration in a community sample of Australian residents

Whether or not to engage in sexting

Interventions aimed at preventing non-consensual sharing of digital sexual images among youth often focus on (potential) victims, who are discouraged from making and sharing such images. This appro...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09589236.2020.1799767

Only sluts love sexting: youth, sexual norms and non-consensual sharing of digital sexual images

This study investigated the prevalence of and motivations behind the exchange of sexually explicit text messages (“sexting”)—including those with and without photographic images—among youth. Secondary aims included gauging youth awareness of potential legal and other negative consequences of sexting, and assessing the possible deterrent effect of anti-sexting legislation. Undergraduate students (N = 175) recruited from a large Northeastern university completed an anonymous online survey concerning their engagement in sexting as minors. Consistent with hypotheses, more than half of respondents reported sexting as minors, although only 28 % sent photographic sexts. Respondents demonstrated a general lack of awareness regarding legal consequences of underage sexting, with knowledge of legal consequences having a modest deterrent effect. Respondents who, as minors, were aware of legal consequences of youth sexting were significantly less likely than their peers to engage in underage sexting. Survey respondents were divided on the issue of whether minors should be prosecuted for sexting, and generally advocated for rehabilitative over punitive sanctions. Policy implications and future directions are discussed.

Youth Sexting: Prevalence Rates, Driving Motivations, and the Deterrent Effect of Legal Consequences

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) workgroup on personality disorders initially proposed several revisions to diagnostic criteria and disorder labels, some of which could have had a direct impact on the perception and sentencing of criminal defendants. The recent publication of the DSM-5 included these revisions in an appendix for future research, indicating that the revised criteria require additional research before implementation. This study examined how the proposed changes, if implemented, might affect jury members' sentencing recommendations and perceptions of the defendant. Participants read vignettes in which diagnostic label (antisocial personality disorder vs. dyssocial personality disorder vs. psychopathy) and crime type (white collar vs. violent crime) were manipulated. Results suggest that participants perceived white collar offenders more negatively than violent offenders, and were generally more influenced by crime type than diagnosis. The diagnostic label was most influential on recidivism ratings and participants' perceptions of violent offenders.

The impact of DSM-5's alternative model for personality disorders on criminal defendants.

The Movement Toward Community-Based Alternatives to Criminal Justice Involvement and Incarceration for People with Severe Mental Illness

This study examined current psychology graduate students’ and early career professionals’ (ECPs) (N = 156) perceptions of safety and experiences while working with forensic populations. ECPs were defined as individuals who had completed graduate studies in a psychology masters- or doctoral-level program within the past five years. Results suggest that, although the majority of students and ECPs have experienced safety violations while working in forensic settings, they reported feeling fairly safe in such settings. Furthermore, while more safety training and higher self-proclaimed proficiency levels in the different safety training areas (e.g., assertiveness training, self-defense, safety awareness) were generally related to higher reported levels of safety in forensic settings, these respondents reported a higher incidence of safety violations. The results of this survey highlight the prevalence of safety violations among students and ECPs, as well as the need for program-sponsored safety training in graduate training programs.

The importance of safety training in forensic psychology graduate programs.

This study investigated the prevalence of and motivations behind the exchange of sexually explicit text messages (“sexting”)—including those with and without photographic images—among youth. Secondary aims included gauging youth awareness of potential legal and other negative consequences of sexting, and assessing the possible deterrent effect of anti-sexting legislation. Undergraduate students (N = 175) recruited from a large Northeastern university completed an anonymous online survey concerning their engagement in sexting as minors. Consistent with hypotheses, more than half of respondents reported sexting as minors, although only 28 % sent photographic sexts. Respondents demonstrated a general lack of awareness regarding legal consequences of underage sexting, with knowledge of legal consequences having a modest deterrent effect. Respondents who, as minors, were aware of legal consequences of youth sexting were significantly less likely than their peers to engage in underage sexting. Survey respondents were divided on the issue of whether minors should be prosecuted for sexting, and generally advocated for rehabilitative over punitive sanctions. Policy implications and future directions are discussed.

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Youth Sexting: Prevalence Rates, Driving Motivations, and the Deterrent Effect of Legal Consequences

The impact of DSM-5's alternative model for personality disorders on criminal defendants.

The Movement Toward Community-Based Alternatives to Criminal Justice Involvement and Incarceration for People with Severe Mental Illness

The importance of safety training in forensic psychology graduate programs.

Youth Sexting: Prevalence Rates, Driving Motivations, and the Deterrent Effect of Legal Consequences