Carbon nanotubes1, 2 might be usefully employed in nanometre-scale engineering and electronics. Electrical conductivity measurements on the bulk material3, 4, on individual multi-walled5, 6 and single-walled7 nanotubes and on bundles of single-walled nanotubes8, 9 have revealed that they may behave as metallic, insulating or semiconducting nanowires, depending on the method of production—which controls the degree of graphitization, the helicity and the diameter. Measurements of Young's modulus show10 that single nanotubes are stiffer than commercial carbon fibres. Methods commonly used to generate nanotubes—carbon-arc discharge techniques1, 2, 4, catalytic pyrolysis of hydrocarbons11, 12 and condensed-phase electrolysis13, 14—generally suffer from the drawbacks that polyhedral particles are also formed and that the dimensions of the nanotubes are highly variable. Here we describe a method for generating aligned carbon nanotubes by pyrolysis of 2-amino-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine over thin films of a cobalt catalyst patterned on a silica substrate by laser etching. The use of a patterned catalyst apparently encourages the formation of aligned nanotubes. The method offers control over length (up to about 50 mum) and fairly uniform diameters (30–50 nm), as well as producing nanotubes in high yield, uncontaminated by polyhedral particles.

Controlled production of aligned-nanotube bundles

Current trends in interfacial polymerization chemistry

A review. This review describes a concept aimed at rational and maximal structure proliferation. To this end, simple arom. or heterocyclic starting materials, often bulk chems., are converted into all regioisomerically possible polar organometallic intermediates (mostly lithiated species), which then may be combined with any of the countless electrophiles to provide attractive new building particularly functionalized derivs. The practical implementation relies on a set (qtoolboxq) of sophisticated recipes developed by mechanistically guided modification of the two most prominent exchange methods used for the generation of polar organometallic compds.: hydrogen-metal and halogen-metal interconversion. These mutant methods (qold methods in a new outfitq) amplify the existing options for org. synthesis by ensuring max. regioflexibility. At the same time they offer new insight into factors that govern organometallic reactivity and provide hints on how to alter or fine tune this reactivity judiciously. [on SciFinder (R)]

The 2×3 Toolbox of Organometallic Methods for Regiochemically Exhaustive Functionalization

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of neoglycoproteins. A neoglycoprotein is defined as a glycoprotein produced chemically, in vitro , by the covalent attachment of monosaccharides or oligosaccharides to proteins that may or may not already contain naturally occurring, covalently bound carbohydrate. Excluded from this category are glycoproteins whose carbohydrate moieties are extended, in vitro , by glycosyltransferases, or altered by enzymes or other reagents. The applications of neoglycoproteins for investigating the contribution of carbohydrate to the functions mediated by glycoproteins are only now beginning to be explored. The ways in which neoglycoproteins have been used to study lectins and carbohydrate-specific antibodies could be extended to the study of other carbohydrate-binding proteins such as glycosyltransferases. Neoglycoproteins may also serve as soluble inhibitors of processes that are apparently glycoconjugate-mediated such as cell-cell adhesion. Still another possible approach to investigate the role of carbohydrate in the behavior of cells would be to attach new sugars to the cell surface by using the methods developed to prepare neoglycoproteins. The chapter describes the preparation of neoglycoproteins and desired characteristics of modification reactions. It discusses the properties of neoglycoproteins and elaborates the applications of neoglycoproteins and modification reactions.

Neoglycoproteins: the preparation and application of synthetic glycoproteins.

Radiolabeled sucrose covalently linked to protein. A device for quantifying degradation of plasma proteins catabolized by lysosomal mechanisms.

Cyanuric Chloride Derivatives. I. Aminochloro-s-triazines

Cyanuric Chloride Derivatives. II. Substituted Melamines

Condensations by Sodium. VIII. Solvent Exchange Reactions, Preparation of Phenylmalonic Acid, and Comments on Some Mechanisms of Reactions which Employ Sodium

Condensations by Sodium. VI. Malonic Acids from Mercury Dialkyls

Condensations by Sodium. VII. A General Method for Stopping the Wurtz Reaction at the Intermediate Organo-Metallic Stages

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