Use of different agro-waste ashes in concrete for effective upcycling of locally available resources

Mechanical and durability properties of metakaolin blended with slag geopolymer mortars used for pavement repair

https://awwa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/aws2.1183

Wildfire caused widespread drinking water distribution network contamination

Multi-layer graphene (MLG) has excellent mechanical properties and a unique stacked structure. In this paper, sulphoaluminate cement replaced ordinary portland cement to prepare low-carbon ecological ultra-high-performance-concrete (UHPC); the effects of MLG on the hydration, microstructure, and mechanical properties of UHPC were investigated, revealing the hydration mechanism and reinforcing mechanism of MLG on UHPC. Results show that adding MLG can significantly enhance the macro performance of UHPC. When the MLG content is 0.08%, UHPC has better macro performance. Compared with the M0 group, the flexural strength and compressive strength of the M3 group increased by 31.6%, 35.3%, 43.3%, 50.9%, and 9.5%, 13.5%, 22.2%, 21.7% after curing for 1 d, 7 d, 28 d, and 56 d, respectively. We quantitatively characterized the content of hydration product changes in UHPC. Various characterization analyses showed that the adsorption effect and nucleation effect of MLG promoted the hydrolysis and ions exchange of Ca2+ and Al3+, which provided sites for the growth of hydration products and accelerated the hydration process of cement, forming more hydration products, including AFt (ettringite) and AH3 (gibbsite). AFt, AH3, and MLG are closely connected, filling the pores and reducing the porosity of the matrix, optimizing the pore structure, and the medium and large pores transformed into micro-nano pores. Revealing the multi-level reinforcing mechanism, namely hydration products (AFt, AH3) and MLG filling the pores; MLG prevented the extension of micro-cracks and changed micro-cracks development path through filling effect, deflection effect, pulling out, and bridging effect. 

Hydration, reinforcing mechanism, and macro performance of multi-layer graphene-modified cement composites

Waste resources recycling in controlled low-strength material (CLSM): A critical review on plastic properties.

This research investigated the use of wood ash to partially replace cement
or sand in conventional concrete, roller compacted concrete (RCC), and flowable
fill. The main focus was to determine how the wood ash addition affected the
main fresh and hardened properties of these materials. It was found that the
wood ash could be successfully incorporated into the conventional concrete. In
particular, the wood ash addition not only accelerated the setting, but also
improved the early and the 28-day compressive strength of concrete that
contained the blast furnace slag. It was also observed that the wood ash could
be positively added into RCC to facilitate the compaction and reduce the risk
of segregation. In addition, the wood ash can be beneficially introduced into
the flowable fill mixtures to facilitate flow, to alleviate bleeding and
subsidence, as well as to achieve controlled strength especially when combined
with the class C or the class F fly ash.

/pdf/effects-of-wood-ash-on-properties-of-concrete-and-flowable-3rah0f2sde.pdf

Effects of Wood Ash on Properties of Concrete and Flowable Fill

The Development, Implementation, and Use of ASTM C1701 Field Infiltration of In Place Pervious Concrete

The dry shrinkage characteristics of 23 rapid-set prepackaged cementitious materials collected from the current market have been investigated in this study. The materials showed various trends and rates of free dry shrinkage strain development. Overall, most materials had the free dry shrinkage of less than 0.05% at 28 days; however, only materials with the 28-day free dry shrinkage of less than 0.025% were observed to exhibit a low risk of restrained shrinkage cracking. The restrained shrinkage cracking typically occurred within a week after casting primarily because of the rapid growth of dry shrinkage during this period. A higher free dry shrinkage strain or a higher rate of free dry shrinkage strain development at the early age normally resulted in an earlier formation of cracking and a larger crack size during the restrained shrinkage test. Coarse aggregate extension reduced the free dry shrinkage and the risk or the size of restrained shrinkage cracking or delayed the time of restrained shri...

Restrained Shrinkage Cracking and Dry Shrinkage of Rapid-Set Prepackaged Cementitious Materials

In order to assess the human exposure risks from the release of contaminants from water pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), experiments were carried out by subjecting the PVC pipe material to burning and leaching conditions followed by analysis of the emission and leachate samples. The emissions of burning pipes were analyzed by both infrared spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The emission results indicate the presence of chlorinated components including chlorine dioxide, methyl chloride, methylene chloride, allyl chloride, vinyl chloride, ethyl chloride, 1-chlorobutane, tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, and hydrogen chloride were detected in the emissions of burning PVC pipes. Furthermore, the concentrations of benzene, 1,3-butadiene, methyl methacrylate, carbon monoxide, acrolein, and formaldehyde were found at levels capable of affecting human health adversely. The analysis of PVC pipe leachates using GC-MS shows that there are 40-60 tentatively identified compounds, mostly long-chain hydrocarbons such as tetradecane, hexadecane, octadecane, and docosane, were released when the burned PVC materials were soaked in deionized water for one week. Quantitative analysis shows that 2-butoxyethanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and diethyl phthalate were found in the burned PVC polymer at the average levels of 2.7, 14.0, and 3.1 micrograms per gram (g/g) of pipe material. This study has significant implications for understanding the benzene contamination of drinking water in the aftermath of wildfires that burned polymer pipes in California.

Releases of Fire-Derived Contaminants from Water Pipes Made of Polyvinyl Chloride Polymer

2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: C902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick C920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants C936 Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units C1232 Terminology of Masonry C1272 Specification for Heavy Vehicular Paving Brick C1319 Specification for Concrete Grid Paving Units C1701 Test Method for Infiltration Rate of In Place Pervious Concrete 2.2 Other Standards: Federal Specification A-A-3110 (TT-P-1536A) Plumbing Fixture Setting Compound

Development of a New Test Method for Determining the Surface Infiltration Rate of Permeable Unit Pavement Systems

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