Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon that was widely used for seed dressing in prevention of fungal growth on crops, and also as a component of fireworks, ammunition, and synthetic rubbers. Because of its resistance to degradation and mobility, HCB is widely distributed throughout the environment and is accumulated through food chains in different ecosystems. In this study, a preliminary investigation was carried out on the bioaccumulation and the toxic effects of HCB in the microbial (protozoan in particular) communities in the Fuhe River, Wuhan, a water body receiving industrial wastewaters containing HCB and other pollutants, using the standardized polyurethane foam units (PFU) method. Field samples were taken from eight stations established along the Fuhe River in January and August 2006. The concentration ratios of HCB in microbial communities and in water were 9.66-18.64, and the microbial communities accumulated 13.29-56.88 mu g/L of HCB in January and 0.82-10.25 mu g/L HCB in August. Correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between the HCB contents in the microbial assemblage, and the number of species and the diversity index of the protozoan communities. This study demonstrated the applicability of the PFU method in monitoring the effects of HCB on the level of microbial communities.

Monitoring bioaccumulation and toxic effects of hexachlorobenzene using the polyurethane foam unit method in the microbial communities of the Fuhe River, Wuhan.

PurposeThis study attempts to assess the role that institutional quality (IQ) plays in influencing inflows and outflows of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for BRICS nations as burgeoning FDI is flowing into and out of these countries. Moreover, this paper explores the impact of individual governance indicators separately on the FDI flows.Design/methodology/approachThe study analyses this nexus for these emerging economies for the period 1996–2019 using autoregressive distributed lag technique.FindingsThe study indicates a significant and positive coefficient for IQ in India and South Africa, suggesting that improving IQ would enhance the IFDI. However, for outward FDI (OFDI)–IQ linkage, the results show a negatively significant impact of IQ on OFDI for Brazil and Russia. Additionally, the authors observe control of corruption as a significant institutional component for attracting inward FDI for Brazil, India and South Africa, whereas it is an insignificant factor for Russia and China. Further, the authors notably find that upgrading the governance indicators will decrease the level of OFDI for Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa. On the contrary, findings suggest that improving the IQ will foster the OFDI for India.Originality/valueThis study uses time-series analysis instead of cross-country analysis (used extensively in literature), avoiding heterogeneity. Further, this study explores the IFDI–IQ link for BRICS nations, which are captivating a significant chunk of IFDI, and still not given much attention in the extant literature. Moreover, the authors identify the impact of IQ on the OFDI, neglected by the existing studies.

Does institutional quality matter for foreign direct investment flows? Empirical evidence from BRICS economies

Research aims: This paper aims to examine factors influencing China's outward foreign direct investment (FDI) in ASEAN economies.Design/Methodology/Approach: The Kao panel cointegration approach and the Panel ARDL model were used in this study to estimate the long-run and short-run relationship between variables. This method is deemed superior to other panel models since it is advantageous when dealing with non-stationary variables at the level or I(1).Research findings: The estimation results provide empirical evidence that in the long run, ASEAN market size, exchange rate, import and export levels between China and ASEAN countries, inflation rate, and institutional factors such as the index of corruption control and political stability are the primary determinants of the flow of outward foreign direct investments from China to ASEAN economies. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study provides additional evidence regarding the factors influencing direct investment flow from the home country to the host country, known as an outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). Previous studies have robustly proven that OFDI flows are influenced by factors such as the resources and market size of the host country, as predicted by location theory. This study further provides evidence that host country trade policy, the level of competitiveness demonstrated by favorable exchange rates, and institutional factors like corruption control and political stability are other important determinants in the context of China’s OFDI in ASEAN countries.Practitioner/Policy implication: Maintaining open trade policy, a competitive exchange rate and significant improvement in law and order would be suitable policies for ASEAN economies to attract more investment from China and other countries.Research limitation/Implication: This study did not cover other variables, such as investment facilities provided by the host government. In addition, economic packages like tax holidays and import-tariff discounts are common policies ASEAN countries provide. Hence, this variable can be considered in future research. 

The determinants of China’s outward foreign direct investment in ASEAN: A panel ARDL approach

This paper looks into the determinants of national innovation performance from the perspective of policy regime and establishes a theoretical model on how a country’s dual Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) policy regimes, democratic and meritocratic, and national absorptive capacity (NAC) jointly determine its national innovation performance. A democratic STI policy regime promotes innovation through channels of freedom, social equality, and public participation. A meritocratic STI policy regime promotes innovation through channels of good governance and rational policymaking. The model further proposes that the relationships between STI policy regimes and national innovation performance are moderated by potential NAC (PNAC) and realized NAC (RNAC) in opposing directions. The fixed-effects panel regression of OECD countries confirms that both democratic and meritocratic STI policy regimes have positive effects on national innovation performance. Moreover, the democratic effect is positively moderated by PNAC but negatively moderated by RNAC. In contrast, the meritocratic effect is positively moderated by RNAC but negatively moderated by PNAC. The major contribution of this paper is to highlight the importance of a country’s STI policy regimes as the bedrock and NAC as the leverage to generate more homegrown innovations.

Why Do Some Countries Innovate Better than Others? A New Perspective of Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy Regimes and National Absorptive Capacity

Objetivo: Propor um modelo que identifique como o investimento direto estrangeiro (IDE) impulsiona o desenvolvimento de capacidades dinâmicas (CD) para gerar capacidade de inovação (CI) na indústria brasileira de energia eólica offshore. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso, com amostragem de snow-ball baseada em 32 entrevistas semiestruturadas de 26 empresas atuantes no setor de energia eólica offshore. A análise de conteúdo foi utilizada na análise dos dados coletados. Principais Resultados: A análise revelou que o IDE impulsiona CDs para gerar CI, apontando também novas categorias (achados), como: difusão de inovação tecnológica, vazios institucionais e tríplice hélice para o desenvolvimento de tecnologia inovadora na indústria de energia eólica offshore. Relevância / Originalidade: Articulação contextual entre IDE, CD e CI aplicada à conjuntura das empresas de energia eólica offshore e seu desenvolvimento no mercado. Contribuições Teóricas / Metodológicas: Apresentou-se um novo modelo de literatura articulado em IDE e CD, gerando CI, elucidando a originalidade de nossos achados através da apresentação de novas categorias para examinar a indústria eólica offshore, incluindo Difusão de Inovação Tecnológica, Vazios Institucionais, e Tríplice Hélice . Contribuições Sociais / para a Gestão: IDE articulado pelas instituições para gerar a adoção de uma tecnologia no âmbito institucional, organizacional e regulatório visando preencher vazios institucionais por meio de um ecossistema inovador e tecnológico.

O papel do Investimento Direto Estrangeiro para o desenvolvimento da Capacidade Inovadora na Indústria de Energia Eólica Offshore Brasileira

A study on the moderating role of national absorptive capacity between institutional quality and FDI inflow: evidence from developing countries

Two pollution zones in middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River were selected for studying restoration processes. In each zones 6 stations were set up in upper stream of sewage outfall, 50m, 100 or 150m, 250 or 525m and 1250 or 3500m apart from the outfall. Chemical monitoring and microbial community biomonitoring were carried out simultaneously. Either the chemical monitoring or the biological monitoring proved the self-purification process of water body along with the increased distance from the sewage outfall. 4 biological parameters (species number of protozoa, percentage of phytomatigophora, diversity index and heterotrophy index) and parameter Seq of the colonization process all have statistically significant correlations with chemical comprehensive pollution indexes Pa and Pb.

Restoration processes of pollution zones in Hanjiang River

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A study on the moderating role of national absorptive capacity between institutional quality and FDI inflow: evidence from developing countries

Restoration processes of pollution zones in Hanjiang River