Pragmatizm basindan itibaren zihin-beden ikiciligine mesafelidir. Pragmatizmin kurucularindan olan John Dewey, felsefesinden zihin-beden ikililigini kaldirmistir. Analitik felsefe ekolu ise basta zihin-beden ikililigini cumlelerde analitik-sentetik ayrimina dayanarak kabul etmistir. Sonradan W. V. Quine onculugunde analitik-sentetik cumle ayriminin reddi, analitik felsefe akiminin genel seyrini degistirmis ve bu ekolu pragmatizmle bulusturmustur. Analitik felsefe geleneginde zihin-beden ikililigini reddetmeye yol acan durum, analitik-sentetik cumle ayriminin imkânsiz oldugunun gorulmesi ve analitik cumlelerin dogru kabul edilmesinin epistemolojik acidan temelsiz oldugunun fark edilmesidir. Analitik cumle ile sentetik cumle ayriminin zihin-beden ikililigini kabul etmekle ilgisi su sekildedir: Dogruluk belirlemesi zihinde olup bittigi icin analitik cumle zihne tekabul etmektedir. Dogruluk belirlemesini anlam iceriginin fizige uygunlugundan alan sentetik cumle ise bedene tekabul etmektedir. Dolayisiyla cumlelerde analitik-sentetik ayriminin reddi, zihin-beden ikililiginin reddi anlamina gelmektedir. Basta epistemolojik acidan ayri kulvarlarda yer aldigi gorulen pragmatizm ile analitik felsefe ekolunun sonradan zihin-beden ikililigini reddetme noktasinda ayni kulvarda bulusmalarina yol acan kilit nokta, analitik-sentetik ayrimi ve bu ayrima yuklenen anlamdir.

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Pragmatizmin Zihin-Beden İkililiğini Reddetmesinin Analitik Felsefeye Yansıması

According to W. V. Quine, science advocates a physicalist ontology and an empiricist epistemology. However, Quine’s ontological physicalism includes the abstract objects of mathematics, such as numbers or sets. So, Quine’s commitments to empiricism are firm but not permanent. Quine has incorporated various elements of pragmatic thought into his philosophical outlook, that is why I advocate that Quine’s philosophy decidedly gives to the pragmatic view of empiricism.

W. V. Quine, Metaphysics and Pragmatism

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W. V. Quine, Metaphysics and Pragmatism