A safe, reliable SCR system for reducing NOx emissions from a lean-burn internal combustion engine utilizes urea in aqueous solution. A modular assembly is provided for mounting inside an urea reagent tank (30) which enables controlled feeding of an aqueous urea solution to an injector. The assembly includes a reagent quality sensor (152), a reagent temperature sensor (143), a reagent level sensor (154) and a pump (137).

Reducing NOx emissions from an engine by temperature-controlled urea injection for selective catalytic reduction

Low-valent ruthenium complexes often show intriguing and characteristic catalytic activity for novel organic transformations with high atom efficiency. The design and synthesis of novel low-valent ...

New Catalytic Performances of Ruthenium and Rhodium Complexes Directed toward Organic Synthesis with High Atom Efficiency

Decane or decene compounds represented by formula (1) (wherein A and A each represents hydrogen, (meth)acryloyl, or 2-vinyloxyethyl and the broken line represents a single or double bond, provided that not both of A and A are hydrogen); and a curable resin composition containing any of the compounds. The compounds are highly transparent to short-wavelength ultraviolet, are excellent in dry etching resistance and adhesion to substrates, and have satisfactory solubility in alkaline developing solutions. The compounds are suitable for use as a photosensitive monomer for resist materials having high sensitivity and high resolution, as a monomer for optical materials or disk overcoat materials having high transparency, reduced birefringence, and low water absorption, and as a monomer for coating materials, e.g., EB-curable coatings, having high reactivity and giving a coating film with wearing and water resistance.

Alicyclic compounds and curable resin composition

Certain novel polymerizable phosphoric acid derivatives (hereinafter referred to as monomers) comprising a polyalicyclic structure element, mixtures comprising one or a plurality of these compounds and corresponding curable blends and products as well as their respective use as a dental material or for the preparation of a dental material are described. The compounds are eminently suitable as bonding agents, in particular in dental adhesive materials. A process for preparing these compounds or mixtures and a method for preparing a product, preferably a product suitable for dentistry, are also described.

Polymerizable phosphoric acid derivatives comprising a polyalicylic structure element

New Catalytic Performances of Ruthenium and Rhodium Complexes Directed Toward Organic Synthesis with High Atom Efficiency

PURPOSE: To provide novel 8,9-dihydroxymethyl-tricyclo[5210 26 ]decane capable of being utilized as a raw material for polymers, especially polyesters, and capable of being easily synthesized in a high yield CONSTITUTION: 8,9-Dihydroxymethyl-tricyclo[5210 26 ]decane of formula I The compound of formula I is obtained by reducing a tricyclo[5210 26 ]dec-3-ene-8,9- dicarboxylic acid derivative of formula II [A is OH, OR (R is alkyl, unsaturated alkyl, cycloalkyl, benzene-substituted alkyl, benzene-substituted unsaturated alkyl, but alkyl and unsaturated alkyl may contain an O atom and/or a N atom); A and A together form >O] or a tricyclo[5210 26 ]decane-8,9-dicarboxylic acid derivative of formula III COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO

Novel alicyclic diol and method for producing the same

PURPOSE:To provide a process for the production of an aromatic nitro compound while reducing the amounts of ozone and a nitrogen oxide by using a catalyst in the nitration of an aromatic compound with ozone-containing oxygen or air and a nitrogen oxide. CONSTITUTION:An aromatic compound is nitrated by reacting with a nitrogen oxide and ozone-containing oxygen or air in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a metal and/or a compound of the metal (e.g. iron and iron chloride).

Production of aromatic nitro compound

Novel multicyclic cyclobutene derivatives, such as dimethyl tetracyclo-[5.4.1.02,6.08,11]dodeca-3,9-diene-9,10-dicarboxylate (TDEM) and dialkyl pentacyclo-[6.4.1.13,6.02,7.09,12]tetradeca-10-ene-10,11-dicarboxylate (PDEM and PDEE), were prepared by the ruthenium-catalyzed [2+2] cycloaddition of several norbornene derivatives, such as dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and tetracyclo[6.2.1.13,6.02,7]dodec-4-ene (TCDE), with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates. Hydrogenation of TDEM, PDEM, and PDEE by Pd/C catalyst gave the novel multicyclic cyclobutane derivatives, i.e., saturated alicyclic diesters, such as TDAM, PDAM, and PDAE, which are quite attractive as new functional monomers.

Ruthenium-catalyzed [2+2] cross-addition of norbornene derivatives and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates

PURPOSE:To obtain a 4,6-dinitrohalobenzene in high yield with a small amount of a waste acid without using excessive nitric acid by dinitrating a halobenzene with nitric acid in the presence of sulfur trioxide. CONSTITUTION:A halobenzene of the formula (X and X are F, Cl, Br or I; X is H, F, Cl, Br or I) is dinitrated with nitric acid in the presence of sulfur trioxide to give 4,6-dinitrohalobenzene. By using this method, for example, 1,3-dichloro-4,6-dinitrobenzene is obtained from 1,3-dichlorobenzene in high yield. 4,6-Dinitrohalobenzene is an important substance as an intermediate for organic chemicals and polymer compounds. By this method, excessive nitric acid and a waste acid can be reduced and the holobenzene is nitrated at the 4- and 6-positions in excellent selectivity and high yield can be attained.

Production of 4,6-dinitrohalobenzene

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain at high yield and low cost the subject new derivative useful as eg a modifier for resins by reacting Q dialkoxycarbonylphenyl halide with a trialkyl phosphite under heating in the presence of a catalyst containing a group VIII element SOLUTION: This derivative is a new dialkoxycarbonylphenyl phosphonic acid dialkyl ester represented by formula I (R and R are each a 1-10C alkoxycarbonyl; R and R are respectively substituted at positions different from each other of a combination arbitrarily selected from the group consisting of 2- and 4-, 2- and 5-, 2- and 6-, 3- and 4- and 3- and 5- positions in the benzene ring; R is a 1-10C alkyl) and useful as eg a modifier for resins This compound is obtained by reacting a dialkoxycarbonylphenyl halide represented by formula II (X is a halogeno) with a trialkyl phosphite represented by formula III (R is a 1-10C alkyl under heating in the presence of a catalyst containing a group VIII element

Phenylphosphonic acid derivative and its production

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