[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Additive manufacturing of metallic components – Process, structure and properties

Evolutionary psychology is one of many biologically informed approaches to the study of human behavior. Along with cognitive psychologists, evolutionary psychologists propose that much, if not all, of our behavior can be explained by appeal to internal psychological mechanisms. What distinguishes evolutionary psychologists from many cognitive psychologists is the proposal that the relevant internal mechanisms are adaptations—products of natural selection—that helped our ancestors get around the world, survive and reproduce. To understand the central claims of evolutionary psychology we require an understanding of some key concepts in evolutionary biology, cognitive psychology, philosophy of science and philosophy of mind. Philosophers are interested in evolutionary psychology for a number of reasons. For philosophers of science —mostly philosophers of biology—evolutionary psychology provides a critical target. There is a broad consensus among philosophers of science that evolutionary psychology is a deeply flawed enterprise. For philosophers of mind and cognitive science evolutionary psychology has been a source of empirical hypotheses about cognitive architecture and specific components of that architecture. Philosophers of mind are also critical of evolutionary psychology but their criticisms are not as all-encompassing as those presented by philosophers of biology. Evolutionary psychology is also invoked by philosophers interested in moral psychology both as a source of empirical hypotheses and as a critical target.

/pdf/stanford-encyclopedia-of-philosophy-1wqoykisq0.pdf

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Use of high-resolution micro-computed tomography (microCT) imaging to assess trabecular and cortical bone morphology has grown immensely. There are several commercially available microCT systems, each with different approaches to image acquisition, evaluation, and reporting of outcomes. This lack of consistency makes it difficult to interpret reported results and to compare findings across different studies. This article addresses this critical need for standardized terminology and consistent reporting of parameters related to image acquisition and analysis, and key outcome assessments, particularly with respect to ex vivo analysis of rodent specimens. Thus the guidelines herein provide recommendations regarding (1) standardized terminology and units, (2) information to be included in describing the methods for a given experiment, and (3) a minimal set of outcome variables that should be reported. Whereas the specific research objective will determine the experimental design, these guidelines are intended to ensure accurate and consistent reporting of microCT-derived bone morphometry and density measurements. In particular, the methods section for papers that present microCT-based outcomes must include details of the following scan aspects: (1) image acquisition, including the scanning medium, X-ray tube potential, and voxel size, as well as clear descriptions of the size and location of the volume of interest and the method used to delineate trabecular and cortical bone regions, and (2) image processing, including the algorithms used for image filtration and the approach used for image segmentation. Morphometric analyses should be based on 3D algorithms that do not rely on assumptions about the underlying structure whenever possible. When reporting microCT results, the minimal set of variables that should be used to describe trabecular bone morphometry includes bone volume fraction and trabecular number, thickness, and separation. The minimal set of variables that should be used to describe cortical bone morphometry includes total cross-sectional area, cortical bone area, cortical bone area fraction, and cortical thickness. Other variables also may be appropriate depending on the research question and technical quality of the scan. Standard nomenclature, outlined in this article, should be followed for reporting of results.

https://asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jbmr.141

Guidelines for assessment of bone microstructure in rodents using micro–computed tomography

비만아 부모의 돌봄 경험: q 방법론

Thermal fluctuations of microtubules (MTs) and other cytoskeletal filaments govern to a great extent the complex rheological properties of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. In recent years, much effort has been put into capturing the dynamics of these fluctuations by means of analytical and numerical models. These attempts have been very successful for, but also remain limited to, isotropic polymers. To correctly interpret experimental work on (strongly) anisotropic semiflexible polymers, there is a need for a numerical modeling tool that accurately captures the dynamics of polymers with anisotropic material properties. In the current study, we present a finite element (FE) framework for simulating the thermal dynamics of a single anisotropic semiflexible polymer. First, we demonstrated the accuracy of our framework by comparison of the simulated mean square displacement (MSD) of the end-to-end distance with analytical predictions based on the worm-like chain model. Then, we implemented a transversely isotropic material model, characteristic for biopolymers such as MTs, and studied the persistence length for various ratios between the longitudinal shear modulus, G12, and corresponding Young's modulus, E1. Finally, we put our findings in context by addressing a recent experimental work on grafted transversely isotropic MTs. In that research, a simplified static mechanical model was used to deduce a very high level of MT anisotropy to explain the observation that the persistence length of grafted MTs increases as contour length increases. We showed, by means of our FE framework, that the anisotropic properties cannot account for the reported length-dependent persistence length.

Finite element modeling of the thermal fluctuations of a single anisotropic polymer

Folate-based radiotracers have been used in patients with cancer and inflammatory diseases to visualize folate receptor expressing cells using PET or SPECT techniques. Activated macrophages express folate receptor beta (FR-β) and this allows specific imaging of these cells in-vivo. From previous work using SPECT imaging to visualize folate receptor expressing macrophages in both animal models and in patients with OA we know that macrophages are present in OA affected joints. However, it remains unclear what role these macrophages play in the different stages of OA and whether their role can be influenced by specific targeting.

In Wistar rats osteoarthritis was induced using a low dose of intra-articular papain injections in one knee joint combined with exposure to a moderate exercise protocol. After six weeks and twelve an in vivo folate SPECT/CT scan and micro-CT analyses were performed. Macrophages from human peripheral blood monocytes were cultured (7 days) in the presence of GM-CSF (M1 proinflammatory phenotype) or M-CSF (M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype). Subsequently the macrophages were treated with LPS, cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IFN-y) or a corticoid steroid (triamcinolone acetonide, 1µg/ml). Folate receptor beta (FRβ) as well as other macrophage marker expressions were measured using FACS.

Intra-articular injections with triamcinolone strongly enhanced FRβ+ macrophage activation and fully prevented osteophyte formation. There were no beneficial effects of the corticoid steroid against cartilage degradation or subchondral bone sclerosis. In in-vitro cultures triamcinolone strongly induced the monocyte-macrophages differentiation towards CD163+ and FRβ+ cells, specifically in GM-CSF stimulated (M1) cultures. Addition of triamcinolone to M-CSF stimulated (M2) monocytes showed enhanced IL10 expression on mRNA level.

In conclusion triamcinolone enhanced FRβ expression in monocytes that were induced to macrophage differentiation. The triamcinolone injections stimulate synovial macrophage activation and triggers the macrophages towards a more anti-inflammatory subtype.



Figure 1

Macrophage activation determined after injection of 111In-DTPA-folate using SPECT/CT in Papain induced osteoarthritis (OA) combined with moderate exercise. Representative sagittal SPECT/CT images of knee joints from representative animals per experimental ...

/pdf/non-invasive-techniques-for-studying-macrophages-in-joint-5fslh7qgrr.pdf

Non-invasive techniques for studying macrophages in joint inflammation

Predicting determinants for incident knee pain after 2 years in middle-aged women: a longitudinal osteoarthritis study

67 deletion of estrogen receptors induces osteophytes but does not promote early cartilage damage in mice

Realignment osteotomies is gaining popularity amongst Dutch orthopaedic surgeons. Exact numbers and used standards in clinical practice concerning osteotomies are unknown due to the absence of a national registry. The aim of this study was to investigate the national statistics of performed osteotomies, utilized clinical workups, surgical techniques, and post-operative rehabilitation standards in the Netherlands.Dutch orthopaedic surgeons, all members of the Dutch Knee Society, received a web-based survey between January and March 2021. This electronic survey contained 36 questions, subdivided into: general surgeon-related information, number of performed osteotomies, inclusion of patients, clinical workup, surgical techniques, and post-operative management.86 orthopaedic surgeons filled in the questionnaire, of whom 60 perform realignment osteotomies around the knee. All the 60 responders (100%) perform high tibial osteotomies and 63.3% additionally perform distal femoral osteotomies, while 30% perform double level osteotomies. Discrepancies in surgical standards were reported regarding to inclusion criteria, clinical workup, surgical techniques, and post-operative strategies.In conclusion, this study got more insight in knee osteotomy clinical practices as applied by Dutch orthopaedic surgeons. However, there are still important discrepancies which pleads for more standardization based on available evidence. A (inter)national knee osteotomy registry, and even more so, a (inter)national registry for joint preserving surgeries could be helpful to achieve more standardization and treatment insights. Such a registry could improve all aspects of osteotomies and its combinations with other joint-preserving interventions towards evidence for personalised treatments. 

Current clinical practice of knee osteotomy in the Netherlands.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Harrie Weinans

Author Tools

Chat about Author