Enterococci are important human pathogens that are increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents. These organisms were previously considered part of the genus Streptococcus but have recently been reclassified into their own genus, called Enterococcus. To date, 12 species pathogenic for humans have been described, including the most common human isolates, Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium. Enterococci cause between 5 and 15% of cases of endocarditis, which is best treated by the combination of a cell wall-active agent (such as penicillin or vancomycin, neither of which alone is usually bactericidal) and an aminoglycoside to which the organism is not highly resistant; this characteristically results in a synergistic bactericidal effect. High-level resistance (MIC, greater than or equal to 2,000 micrograms/ml) to the aminoglycoside eliminates the expected bactericidal effect, and such resistance has now been described for all aminoglycosides. Enterococci can also cause urinary tract infections; intraabdominal, pelvic, and wound infections; superinfections (particularly in patients receiving expanded-spectrum cephalosporins); and bacteremias (often together with other organisms). They are now the third most common organism seen in nosocomial infections. For most of these infections, single-drug therapy, most often with penicillin, ampicillin, or vancomycin, is adequate. Enterococci have a large number of both inherent and acquired resistance traits, including resistance to cephalosporins, clindamycin, tetracycline, and penicillinase-resistant penicillins such as oxacillin, among others. The most recent resistance traits reported are penicillinase resistance (apparently acquired from staphylococci) and vancomycin resistance, both of which can be transferred to other enterococci. It appears likely that we will soon be faced with increasing numbers of enterococci for which there is no adequate therapy.

The life and times of the Enterococcus.

Thirty-three cases of enterococcal endocarditis encountered during the decade from January 1944 through December 1953 are reviewed. In vitro studies indicate that penicillin and streptomycin are the best antibiotic pair for bactericidal effect. Twelve of the last 14 patients were cured (86 per cent), 10 with combined therapy. The cure rate in enterococcal endocarditis now approximates that of endocarditis caused by penicillin-sensitive streptococci. A maximal number of cures is achieved by individualization of therapy. The daily dosage of penicillin and the duration of combined penicillin-streptomycin therapy should be guided by in vitro bactericidal tests employing the patient's strain of enterococcus.

Antibiotic therapy of bacterial endocarditis. VI. Subacute enterococcal endocarditis; clinical, pathologic and therapeutic consideration of 33 cases.

Keloids in the African.

Enterococcal endocarditis on native and prosthetic valves: a review of clinical and prognostic factors with emphasis on hospital-acquired infections as a major determinant of outcome.

Oxytetracycline. Reports of therapy with oxytetracycline in 27 collected cases of bacterial endocarditis75, 113, 134, 136, 154, 164, 169–172, 174 175 176 177 178 indicate that the results were qual...

Treatment of Bacterial Endocarditis

Excerpt Despite the uniformly favorable results following the use of antibiotics in the therapy of subacute bacterial endocarditis due toStreptococcus viridans,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12...

Therapy of subacute enterococcus (streptococcus fecalis) endocarditis

Anticoagulation therapy with heparin/Pitkin menstruum in the management of coronary artery thrombosis and its complications.

Subacute bacterial endocarditis of undetermined etiology.

Science, a weekly journal, is published each Friday by the American Association for the Advancement of Science at Mt. Royal & Guilford Avenues, Baltimore 2, Maryland. Founded in 1880, it has been since 1900 the official publication of the AAAS. Editorial, Advertising, and Circulation Offices, 1515 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington 5, D. C. Telephone, EXecutive 6060 or 6061. Cable address SCIMAG, Washington, D. C. Entered as second class matter January 17, 1947, at the postoffice at Baltimore, Maryland, under the act of March 3, 1879. Articles offered for publication should be sent to the Editor, 1515 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington 5, D. C. Membership correspondence for the AAAS should be sent to the Administrative Secretary, 1516 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington 5, D. C. Annual subscription, $7.50; single copies, $25; foreign postage (outside the Pan-American Union), $1.00 extra; Canadian postage, $.50 extra. Remittances and orders for subscriptions and single copies, and notices of changes of address should be sent to the Circulation Department. Claims for missing numbers will not be allowed if received more than 60 days from date of issue. No claims allowed from subscribers in Central Europe, Asia, or the Pacific Islands other than Hawaii or because of failure to notify the Circulation Department of a change of address or because copy is miming from the files.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/106/2760/494.full.pdf

Enhancement of Penicillin Blood Levels Following Oral Administration of Caronamide.

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate, by means of high-magnification photomicrographs, the characteristic type of cell found in lesions of a case of Kaposi's sarcoma (idiopathic multiple hemorrhagic sarcoma) and thus to attempt to throw some light on the controversial subject of the cell origin of this disease. We also wish to report the effect of cortisone and corticotropin (ACTH) on the clinical course in this case of Kaposi's sarcoma. REPORT OF A CASE J. I., a 71-year-old Italian man, was admitted to the Jewish Hospital of Brooklyn on Nov. 24, 1951, with complaints of swelling, itching, and inflammation of the legs of several years' duration. Twelve years previously, a small, itchy, purple-red papule appeared on the dorsum of the left ankle. This remained unchanged until four years later, when a number of small similar lesions appeared in the same area, with simultaneous increase in size of the

Cytology of kaposi's sarcoma

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