The properties of paper are highly dependent on those of the natural fibres from which the sheet is made and their interaction, as determined by the structure of the sheet. The nature of the stochastic variability in paper structure is influenced by fibre properties and manufacturing process variables. The fundamentals of paper forming processes are introduced and the influence of these on structure is discussed in the context of theoretical models. Key mechanical and optical properties are described and their dependence on structure, as guided by theory, is reviewed. Throughout, the structural dependence of paper properties for satisfactory performance in end use applications is emphasised.

Materials properties of paper as influenced by its fibrous architecture

Fibre orientation is an important structural property of fibre-based materials. For example, in paper the orientation of the fibres influences the dimensional strength of the sheet and the tendency of the sheet to curl and twist at moisture changes. Here, we present a three-dimensional image analysis method for estimating the fibre orientation and the orientation anisotropy. The proposed method can be applied directly to greyscale volume images and is based on local orientation estimates using quadrature filters and structure tensors. From the tensor field the fibre orientation can be estimated together with a corresponding certainty measurement. Good results are obtained for both synthetic fibre data sets and fibre based materials imaged using X-ray microtomography.

Estimating 3D fibre orientation in volume images

Fibre orientation influences many important properties of fibre-based materials, for example, strength and stiffness. Fibre orientation and the orientation anisotropy in paper and other wood fibre-based materials have previously been estimated using two-dimensional images. Recently, we presented a method for estimating the three-dimensional fibre orientation in volume images based on local orientation estimates. Here, we present an evaluation of the method with respect to scale and noise sensitivity. The evaluation is performed for both tubular and solid fibres. We also present a new method for automatic scale selection for solid fibres. The method is based on a segmentation of the fibres that also provides an estimate of the fibre dimension distribution in an image. The results show that the fibre orientation estimation performs well both in noisy images and at different scales. The presented results can be used as a guide to select appropriate parameters for the method when it is applied to real data. The applicability of the fibre orientation estimation to fibre-based materials with solid fibres is demonstrated for a volume image of a press felt acquired with X-ray microtomography.

/pdf/an-evaluation-of-scale-and-noise-sensitivity-of-fibre-32thsajuo0.pdf

An Evaluation of Scale and Noise Sensitivity of Fibre Orientation Estimation in Volume Images

The work on cellulose fiber composites is typically strictly divided into two separated research fields depending on the fiber origin, that is, from wood and from annual plants, representing the two different industries of forest and agriculture, respectively. The present paper evaluates in parallel wood fibers and plant fibers to highlight their similarities and differences regarding their use as reinforcement in composites and to enable mutual transfer of knowledge and technology between the two research fields. The paper gives an introduction to the morphology, chemistry, and ultrastructure of the fibers, the modeling of the mechanical properties of the fibers, the fiber preforms available for manufacturing of composites, the typical mechanical properties of the composites, the modeling of the mechanical properties with focus on composites having a random fiber orientation and a non-negligible porosity content, and finally, the moisture sensitivity of the composites. The performance of wood and plant fiber composites is compared to the synthetic glass and carbon fibers conventionally used for composites, and advantages and disadvantages of the different fibers are discussed.

/pdf/wood-versus-plant-fibers-similarities-and-differences-in-3vn6uq22x5.pdf

Wood versus Plant Fibers: Similarities and Differences in Composite Applications

Empirical plasticity models applied for paper sheets having different anisotropy and dry solids content levels

オンラインフィルムプレス塗工とソフトニップカレンダ掛けを用いた第5級軽量塗工紙の製造 MacMillan Bloedel社5号抄紙機からの体験

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Harala E

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

オンラインフィルムプレス塗工とソフトニップカレンダ掛けを用いた第5級軽量塗工紙の製造 MacMillan Bloedel社5号抄紙機からの体験