The influence of 15 annual applications of composted (CM) or stockpiled (SM) beef feedlot manure with straw (ST) or wood-chip (WD) bedding on electrical conductivity (EC), soluble cations and anions (Na, K, Ca, Mg, SO4-S, Cl), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), potassium adsorption ratio (PAR), and pH of a clay loam soil (0–15 cm) in southern Alberta was examined in an irrigated barley silage cropping system. Manure type (CM versus SM) had a significant effect on certain soil salinity parameters. Calcium, Mg, Na, K, and SO4-S were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) greater for SM- than CM-amended soils for certain bedding materials and rates. Electrical conductivity, concentration of soluble cations and anions (Na, K, SO4-S, Cl), SAR, PAR, and pH in the surface soil were greater for ST than WD bedding. Two exceptions were Ca and Mg, where soil concentrations were generally greater for WD than ST. Salinity parameters were greater with increased application rate, and greater for amended than unamended soils. Over...

Surface Soil Salinity and Soluble Salts after 15 Applications of Composted or Stockpiled Manure with Straw or Wood-Chips

Retention modes of manure-fecal coliforms in soil under saturated hydraulic condition.

Long-term field experiments with annual crop rotation were established in 1955 and 1956 at three locations (Lukavec, Caslav, Ivanovice) in the Czech Republic, which differ in their climate and soil physicochemical properties The effect of cattle farmyard manure (FM) and a combination of FM and mineral (NPK) fertilizer application (FMNPK) on nutrient status of soil and the response of winter wheat, and nutrient content of wheat grain and straw were evaluated after ~60 years since the establishment The results showed higher pseudototal (aqua regia soluble) contents of phosphorus and sulfur from FM and FMNPK application compared with control, whereas the labile and moderatory labile content of individual nutrients (except calcium) varied between treatments The nutrient content of wheat grain and straw was more significantly (p < 005) affected by the location and growing season than by the fertilizers The substantial changes in wheat nutrient uptake occurred for the weakly acidic loamy Gleyic Pha

Nutrient status of soil and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in response to long-term farmyard manure application under different climatic and soil physicochemical conditions in the Czech Republic

Managing highly variable soil residual nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 –N) following corn (Zea mays L.) is difficult because it can supply starter N for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and/or be leached into water resources during the fall–winter water-recharge season in the humid eastern United States. A series of 65 starter N response studies were conducted in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions of Maryland to estimate the soil NO 3 –N concentration that was both agronomically sufficient and cost effective for wheat. A subset of studies measured soil NO 3 –N loss (0–60 cm) during the fall–winter season, and additional studies evaluated bromide (Br) to index potential NO 3 –N leaching. A soil exchange frequency index [EFI = rainfall * (available soil water capacity) −1 ] was used to identify where NO 3 –N loss was high and wheat response to starter N was unlikely. A post-planting fall EFI ³ 2.5 was associated with NO 3 –N depletion of >65% (0–60 cm). A significant (P < 0.001) linear-plateau relationship was found between preplant soil NO 3 –N concentration (0–30 cm) and wheat grain-yield response to starter N for locations with EFI < 2.5. This agronomic linear-plateau relation was combined with a break-even economic scenario (fertilizer-N cost = grainresponse value) to estimate the fall NO 3 –N sufficiency for wheat, which was 7 mg NO 3 –N kg −1 soil (0–30 cm) and corresponded to 9 mg NO 3 –N kg −1 soil (0–15 cm). These findings show that a preplant soil NO 3 –N test for winter wheat can facilitate identification of sites where starter N will produce economic returns and reduce potential NO 3 –N losses to water resources. Abbreviations: AWHC, available water holding capacity between FC and PWP; Br, bromide; CV, coefficient of variation; EFI, exchange frequency index; FC, soil water content at field capacity; GS, growth stage; IC, ion-chromatography; LPNR, location previous N regimes; NDFF, the percent of plant N derived from fertilizer; NO 3 –N, nitrate-nitrogen; PWP, soil water content at permanent wilting point; UAN, urea-ammonium nitrate; URS, university research stations.

Winter Wheat Starter Nitrogen Management: A Preplant Soil Nitrate Test and Site-Specific Nitrogen Loss Potential

The objective of this work was to evaluate the pH, chemical composition, minerals, vitamins, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of silage prepared with lucerne, sweet maize stalk (MS), and their mixtures. Freshly chopped lucerne and MS were combined in ratios of 100:0 (M0, control), 80:20 (M20), 60:40 (M40), 40:60 (M60), 20:80 (M80), and 0:100 (M100) on a fresh matter basis. Each treatment was prepared in triplicate, and a total of eighteen silos were fermented for 65 days. After 65 days of fermentation, the pH values in M0, M20, M40, M60, M80, and M100 silages were 5.47, 4.84, 4.23, 4.13, 3.79, and 3.61, respectively. As the MS proportion in the mixtures increased, silage K, Ca, P, Na, Fe, and Cu concentrations linearly decreased (p < 0.001) and so did vitamins B5 and K1 and α-tocopherol. In vitro rumen dry matter and organic matter degradability, pH, ammonia, total volatile fatty acid, and gas production linearly decreased (p < 0.01), while neutral detergent fiber concentration linearly increased (p < 0.001), with increasing proportion of MS. The in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability rapidly decreased when the MS percentage was ≥60%. In conclusion, the M40 silage is the most suitable for livestock utilization in local forage production considering the balance of silage pH, nutritional quality, and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics.

Nutritional Quality and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Silage Prepared with Lucerne, Sweet Maize Stalk, and Their Mixtures

Miller, J. J., Beasley, B. W., Drury, C. F., Hao, X. and Larney, F. J. 2014. Soil properties following long-term application of stockpiled feedlot manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding under barley silage production. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 389–402. The influence of long-term land application of stockpiled feedlot manure (SM) containing either wood-chip (SM-WD) or straw (SM-ST) bedding on soil properties during the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage growing season is unknown. The main objective of our study was determine the effect of bedding material in stockpiled manure (i.e., SM-WD vs. SM-ST) on certain soil properties. A secondary objective was to determine if organic amendments affected certain soil properties compared with unamended soil. Stockpiled feedlot manure with SM-WD or SM-ST bedding at 77 Mg (dry wt) ha−1 yr−1 was annually applied for 13 to 14 yr to a clay loam soil in a replicated field experiment in southern Alberta. There was also an unamended control. Soil properties were measured ...

Soil properties following long-term application of stockpiled feedlot manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding under barley silage production

Miller, J. J., Beasley, B. W., Drury, C. F., Larney, F. and Hao, X. 2015. Influence of long-term manure application on mineral composition of irrigated barley silage. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 759–770. The long-term effect of land application of manure type (composted vs. stockpiled manure), bedding type (wood-chips vs. straw), and application rate on feed quality of barley silage as feed for beef cattle is unknown. We measured selected minerals [P, Ca, Ca:P ratio, Mg, K, K:(Ca+Mg) ratio, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu] of irrigated barley silage (Hordeum vulgare L.) on a clay loam soil after 4 (2002), 7 (2005) and 11 (2009) years of annual applications of composted (CM) or stockpiled (SM) feedlot manure with wood-chips (WD) or straw (ST) bedding at three application rates (13, 39, 77Mg ha−1 dry wt.). The treatments also included an unamended control and inorganic fertilizer treatment. Manure type generally had inconsistent or no significant (P≤0.05) effect on the concentrations of these minerals in barley silage. Most ...

https://bioone.org/journals/canadian-journal-of-plant-science/volume-95/issue-4/CJPS-2014-329/Influence-of-long-term-manure-application-on-mineral-composition-of/10.1139/CJPS-2014-329.pdf

Influence of long-term manure application on mineral composition of irrigated barley silage

Olatuyi, S. O., Akinremi, O. O. and Hao, X. 2012. Solute transport in a hummocky landscape: II. Vertical and seasonal redistribution of bromide and 15 N-labelled nitrate. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 631–643. Bromide (Br−) tracer is often used to estimate potential nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching in soil. An alternative is to use 15N-labelled fertilizer to provide a direct measure of NO3-N leaching losses. We employed a dual application of Br− and 15N to estimate NO3-N leaching in a hummocky landscape. The study was carried out near Brandon, Manitoba, in 2007 and 2008, using two separate plots (Site-2007 and Site-2008). The plots were delineated into three landscape positions as upper (UPP), middle (MID) and lower (LOW) slope. A microplot at each landscape received KBr at the rate of 200 kg Br− ha−1, and 15N-labelled KNO3 fertilizer at the rates of 0, 90 and 135 kg N ha−1. Site-2007 and Site-2008 were seeded to canola and winter wheat, respectively. Soil samples were taken in the fall and spring. The soil samp...

Solute transport in a hummocky landscape: II. Vertical and seasonal redistribution of bromide and 15N-labelled nitrate

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Soil properties following long-term application of stockpiled feedlot manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding under barley silage production

Influence of long-term manure application on mineral composition of irrigated barley silage

Solute transport in a hummocky landscape: II. Vertical and seasonal redistribution of bromide and 15N-labelled nitrate