Progress in the development and application of mechanized rice ratooning technology in Guangdong

Progress and challenges of rice ratooning technology in the south of Henan Province, China

Forage-grain ratoon rice (FG-RR) is a dual-cropping system, with forage harvested in the initial season and grain during the regeneration phase. While it is known that the timing of mowing and nitrogen (N) fertilization are key drivers that influence FG-RR production, physiological mechanisms ensuing mowing and N fertilizer application remain unclear. We conducted field experiments in 2021 and 2022 to investigate the yield and growth characteristics of ratooned crops (RC) under various mowing treatments (heading, milk-ripening, dry-ripening and maturity) using three N levels (135, 270, and 405 kg ha−1), two rice genotypes, Taoyouxiangzhan (TYXZ) and Liangyou 6326 (LY6326). Our results demonstrate a significant increase in ratoon yield when mowing occurred at heading or milk-ripening stages compared with maturity, with a yield increase of 2.2-fold when mowing occurred at heading. Early mowing stages increased stubble biomass (up to 73 %) and non-structural carbohydrate (up to 198 %) compared with that at maturity. Mowing at heading or milk-ripening improved accumulated temperature and light exposure, and when coupled with higher N application (270 kg ha−1 N), amplified ratoon ability to recover. Collectively, these factors raised leaf area index, canopy light interception and biomass. Hierarchical partitioning analysis underscored the substantial yet indirect influence of environmental drivers of ratoon yield, alongside a direct driver of growth, particularly thermal sum. We conclude that mowing at heading and milk-ripening with 270 kg ha−1 N elicits optimal ratoon yield with forage production, although further studies are required to determine how these guidelines vary across environments. 

Mowing and nitrogen management guidelines for superior rice ratoon yields

Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor that typically originates in the adrenal glands, often causing the over-production of catecholamines. The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary status could affect the concentration of plasma-fractionated metanephrines. This study was conducted at the Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Royal Hospital, Oman. Three plasma samples were collected from each participant (16 male and 16 female) over three consecutive days (day one: dietary restriction,day two: excess intake of restricted foods, day three: random sample following the typical diet for each participant). Samples were collected and centrifuged to obtain the plasma, which was then stored at -20°C prior to analysis. Metanephrine and normetanephrine concentrations were measured by comparative ELISA. Plasma metanephrine and normetanephrine measured under the three different dietary conditions for each individual were not significantly different and within normal range. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis of plasma concentration of metanephrines within individual patients under the three dietary conditions revealed positive correlation. We found no significant effect of dietary status on plasma metanephrine or normetanephrine concentration. Therefore, samples taken under any dietary condition may be used to determine plasma MN and NMN concentration. However, dietary restrictions in the diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma need further investigations.

Effect of dietary status on plasma-fractionated metanephrines in healthy individuals measured by Elisa

Stubble height and irrigation significantly influenced the carbon footprint of ratoon rice cropping system in South China

Alternate wetting and drying irrigation is a widely used irrigation method for water-savings and high-yielding in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production; however, its effect on grain yield (GY) in the main and ratoon crops is unclear. With two rice cultivars as materials, the effects on GY in the main and ratoon crop of three irrigation regimes, that is, conventional flooding irrigation (CI), alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation (WMD), and alternate wetting and severe soil drying irrigation (WSD), during grain filling of the main crop were investigated. Compared with CI, WMD increased GY by 6.0∼6.5% in the main crop by increasing the 1,000-grain weight and filled grain rate, whereas the ratoon crop GY increased by 13.3∼14.6% via increased panicle number. The WSD had no significant effects on the main crop GY, but significantly decreased ratoon crop GY by decreasing panicle number. A higher leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf area index, root oxidation activity, dry matter accumulation and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) translocation under WMD primarily drove the increased 1,000-grain weight and filled grain rate in the main crop. Under WMD, higher soluble sugar contents catalysed by high amylase activity and higher zeatin + zeatin riboside in stems of the main crop promoted the growth of regenerated buds and increased the ratoon crop panicle number. In conclusion, WMD during grain filling of the main crop improved the growth and development of the main crop and promote the germination of regenerated buds, thereby increasing the GY of both main and ratoon crops. 

Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying could increase grain yields in both main and ratoon rice crops

: Planting ratoon rice can realize one sowing and two harvests, which is of great signiﬁcance for improving grain yield. However, the effects of nitrogen (N) regime in the main crop on the grain yield of ratoon rice and the associated physiological mechanisms are not clearly understood. The indica hybrid rice Liangyou 6326 was used, and three N fertilizer levels (100 kg ha − 1 (low N, LN), 250 kg ha − 1 (medium N, MN), and 400 kg ha − 1 (high N, HN)) and four different ratios of basal tillering fertilizer to panicle fertilizer (7:3, 6:4, 5:5, and 4:6) applied to the main crop were designed to investigate their effects on the grain yields of the main and ratoon crops. The results showed that excessive N application rate and panicle N application rate in the main crop was not conducive to the improvement of yield and agronomic nitrogen use efﬁciency (ANUE) in both seasons. The increased yield in the ratoon crop was attributed to the increase in the regeneration rate. Appropriate increasing of the panicle N application rate was beneﬁcial for increasing the ROA and NSC concentration in the main crop, resulting in an increase in the number, length, and fresh weight of regenerated buds, which caused an improvement in the regeneration rate. However, when excessive panicle N was applied in the main crop, the excessive germination of regenerated buds decreased the length and fresh weight of the regenerated bud and resulted in a decrease in the regeneration rate. These results suggest that in the production of ratoon rice, reasonable N regime in the main crop could increase the yield and ANUE in both seasons. Writing-original draft, Writing—review and Q.Z. and L.L.; Project administration, X.L.; Data curation, G.Y. and H.W.; Investigation, D.F. and H.Z.; Formal analysis, B.D. and M.G.; Supervision, L.L.

/pdf/reasonable-nitrogen-regime-in-the-main-crop-increased-grain-3j97lphd.pdf

Reasonable Nitrogen Regime in the Main Crop Increased Grain Yields in Both Main and Ratoon Rice

Objectives: To define the test characteristics of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for plasma-free metanephrines (metanephrine and normetanephrine) in the localization and qualitative diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Methods: This was a Prospective observational study. From March 2005 to March 2016, patients suspected of having pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma at Hypertension Department of People's Hospital of Henan province were consecutively recruited into the study. Subsequently,we prospectively measured the fasted MNs levels in all patients after 30 min supine rest by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). All subjects with intra or extra-adrenal tumors underwent tumor excision and pathological examination. Results: A total of 254 subjects with suspected pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma consecutively admitted to our department were screened and 146 subjects were diagnosed as pheochromocytoma (122) or paraganglioma (24), The levels of MNs in patients with Pheochromocytoma were significantly higher than those of Non-Pheochromocytoma (control group). The sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma were 98.5% and 100% respectively,when plasma NMN concentration was 234.46ng/L, and which were 50.7% and 100% respectively, when plasma MN was at the level of 93.70 ng/L. Additionally, the MN level in patients with adrenal tumors was higher than that with extra-adrenal tumors, while the NMN level in patients with adrenal tumors was lower than that with extra-adrenal tumors. Conclusion: Plasma-free metanephrines measured by EIA offers a simple and effective method in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, can be adopted as the preferred method for screening pheochromocytoma. Determinations can also help predict tumor location. This additional information may be useful for clinical decision-making

A2320 Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for plasma-free metanephrines in the localization and qualitative diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

S-21-1: implementing hearts hypertension control project in china

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Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying could increase grain yields in both main and ratoon rice crops

Reasonable Nitrogen Regime in the Main Crop Increased Grain Yields in Both Main and Ratoon Rice

A2320 Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for plasma-free metanephrines in the localization and qualitative diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

S-21-1: implementing hearts hypertension control project in china