Multifunctional superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic lignin-based polyurethane foam for highly efficient oil-water separation and water purification

This review provides an overview and discusses analytical strategies for the preconcentration of trace elements using lignocellulosic sorbents for solid-phase extraction. This procedure is widely used for the determination of metals and metalloids in different types of samples due to its simplicity, rapidity, minimal waste generation, reduction of sample matrix effects as well as sorption of the target species on the solid surface. For this purpose, some inorganic, organic, and several natural adsorbents are used. New approaches to obtaining adsorbent materials from natural sources such as agro-industrial residues and composting materials have received attention. The most used lignocellulosic materials as sorbents for solid-phase extraction are bagasse sugarcane, cotton, sisal, palm fiber, coconut, corn cob, soybean straw, jute, and rice. The lignocellulosic materials have been investigated because the presence of functional groups in their structures is made up of lignin and cellulose. These materials have been used in the development of analytical methods with the varied proposal, such as preconcentration or speciation of analytes. 

Lignocellulosic materials as adsorbents in solid phase extraction for trace elements preconcentration

Insights into the immobilization mechanism of tannic acid on bamboo cellulose fibers

Carboxylate-functionalized hollow polymer particles modified polyurethane foam for facile and selective removal of cationic dye

About 1.5 billion people are exposed to fluoride-contaminated water worldwide, and prolonged exposure (>3 ppm) can cause a number of health issues. In this study, zirconium(IV)-chitosan@agar (Zr-CA) biofoam was synthesized with improved stability in a simple two-step reaction using chitosan and agar biopolymers with in-situ generated zirconia (ZrO2) for Fluoride (F-), Chromium (Cr(VI)), Diclofenac (Df) and Ciprofloxacin (Cf) removal. The Zr-CA biofoam was confirmed by a series of physico-chemical techniques such as FE-SEM, EDAX, XPS, XRD, FTIR and BET analysis, where a surface area of the biofoams was about 2 m2/g. The adsorption efficiency of the biofoams was studied by kinetic, isotherm, pH and thermodynamic investigations as well as interference of co-existing ions. The adsorption studies were well-agreed with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetics. From the Langmuir calculations, the adsorption capacity (qmax) of the 2-Zr-CA biofoam for F- and Cr (VI) was 114.94 and 340.13 mg/g, respectively. The 2-Zr-CA biofoam was also utilized in the filtration model as a dynamic flow method to remove F-, Cr (VI), Df and Cf from the aqueous solution in which the rejection was 97.82 %, 98.12%, 96.86% and 94.17% and the flux rates were 881.03, 967.87, 979.54 and 988 Lm-2h−1, respectively. For real fluoride water purification 2-Zr-CA biofoam (30 gm with 8 cm height and 6.5 cm diameter) based purification device for fluoride contaminated water (18 L) was purified from its initial concentration of 4.83 ppm to equilibrium concentration of 1.78 ppm. 

Design and preparation of zirconium-induced bio-foam for the removal of fluoride, chromate, and other emerging pollutants: A scale-up approach

Human health is being threatened by cationic pollutants in wastewater, for example, methylene blue (MB) and Cu(II). Our research team successfully fabricated biofoam adsorbents from recycled bamboo waste that removed cationic pollutants via introducing bamboo fiber sources, i.e., bamboo fiber, bamboo α-cellulose fiber, and bamboo nanocellulose fiber, into a polyurethane (PU) foam matrix. The biofoam adsorbent with 1 g of nanocellulose (PUN1) presented high removal efficiencies for MB (95.52%) and Cu(II) (100%) in low cationic pollutant concentration aqueous solutions. The biofoam adsorbent with 1 g of bamboo fiber (PUB1) also displayed excellent removal efficiency for MB (98.61%) at pH 11. Meanwhile, 100% removal of Cu(II) was obtained by PUB1 at pH 7 (initial content = 15 mg/L). Furthermore, the PUN1 sample had excellent reusability, evidenced by 61.25% removal of MB after five adsorption-desorption cycles, suggesting that PUN1 is a promising renewable adsorbent for cationic pollutants. In addition, PUB1 is a low-cost adsorbent with good adsorption efficiencies for MB in weak alkaline solutions and Cu(II) in neutral aqueous solutions.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.1c03438

Bamboo-Based Biofoam Adsorbents for the Adsorption of Cationic Pollutants in Wastewater: Methylene Blue and Cu(II).

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Bamboo-Based Biofoam Adsorbents for the Adsorption of Cationic Pollutants in Wastewater: Methylene Blue and Cu(II).