Large oil spills and oily wastewater discharges from ships and industrial activities can have serious impacts on the environment with potentially major economic impacts. Current oil remediation techniques are inefficient and may have deleterious environmental consequences. However, nanotechnology offers a new route to potentially remediate oil pollution. In this study, a cheap and facile hydrothermal method was developed to synthesize polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated magnetite nanoparticles to separate a reference MC252 oil from oil-water mixture under environmentally relevant conditions. Fluorescence and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy results showed near 100% oil removal from oil-water mixture in the ultrapure water under optimum condition. Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data, approximately 100% of lower molecular mass alkanes (C9-C21) were removed within 10 min of magnetic separation and by increasing the separation time to 40 min, greater than 67% of C22-25 alkanes were removed. Moreover, nanoparticles removed near 100% oil from synthetic seawater solutions in the presence and absence of fulvic acid showing excellent oil removal capacity of the nanoparticles under different conditions. Results show that these nanoparticles can be utilized to remove oil over a short time with a high removal efficiency under environmentally relevant conditions.

Oil Recovery from Water under Environmentally Relevant Conditions Using Magnetic Nanoparticles.

Nanohybrids composed of two or more components exhibit many distinct physicochemical properties and hold great promise for applications in optics, electronics, magnetics, new energy, environment protection, and biomedical engineering. Microfluidic systems exhibit many advantages due to their unique characteristics of narrow channels, variable length, controllable number of channels and multiple integrations. Particularly their spatial-temporarily splitting of the formation stages during nanomaterials formation along the microfluidic channels favors the online control of the reaction kinetic parameters and in situ tuning of the product properties. This Review is focused on the features of the current types of microfluidic devices in the synthesis of different types of nanohybrids based on the classification of the four main kinds of materials: metal, nonmetal inorganic, polymer and composites. Their morphologies, compositions and properties can be adjusted conveniently in these synthesis systems. Synthesis advantages of varieties of microfluidic devices for specific nanohybrids of defined surfaces and interfaces are presented according to their process and microstructure features of devices as compared with conventional methods. A summary is presented, and challenges are put forward for the future development of the microfluidic synthesis of nanohybrids for advanced applications.

Microfluidic Synthesis of Nanohybrids.

Nanoclusters of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are developed for liver-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by a unique synthesis route. The process is efficient, environmentally benign, and straight forward within five minutes. The clustering effect is triggered in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) aqueous phase under ultrasonication condition. The hydrophobic SPION are densely self-assembled into BSA/SPION hybrid nanoclusters with a uniform size of ∼86 nm. The as-prepared BSA/SPION hybrid nanoclusters are found to be biocompatible and stable. They exhibit high transverse relaxivity and longitudinal relaxivity in water (r2 and r1 values are 600.8 and 4.3 s–1 per mM of Fe3+, respectively). In vivo T2-weighted MRI shows excellent enhancement in liver with an imaging time-window up to 48 h. In vivo biodistribution study indicates a gradual excretion of the nanoclusters via hepatobiliary (HB) processing. No toxicity is observed in the in vivo and ex vivo experiments. The BSA...

Ultrasound-triggered BSA/SPION hybrid nanoclusters for liver-specific magnetic resonance imaging.

Biocompatible Collagen Paramagnetic Scaffold for Controlled Drug Release.

Simple approaches to synthesize hybrid nanoparticles with magnetic and plasmonic functionalities, with high control of their shape and avoiding cytotoxic reactants, to target biomedical applications remain a huge challenge. Here, we report a facile, fast and bio-friendly microwave-assisted polyol route for the synthesis of a complex multi-material consisting of monodisperse gold nanotriangles around 280 nm in size uniformly decorated by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles of 5 nm. These nanotriangles are readily dispersible in water, display a strong magnetic response (10 wt% magnetic fraction) and exhibit a localized surface plasmon resonance band in the NIR region (800 nm). Moreover, these hybrid particles can be easily self-assembled at the liquid–air interfaces.

/pdf/magnetic-gold-nanotriangles-by-microwave-assisted-polyol-3kwna2dgb2.pdf

Magnetic gold nanotriangles by microwave-assisted polyol synthesis

Aqueous-phase Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs), with a size of 9.83.0 nm, are directly synthesized by a modified iron salt coprecipitation process, stabilized by the synergistic effect of a combination of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), trisodium citrate (TSC), and maleic anhydride (MAH). These NPs show good aqueous-phase dispersion stability and excellent superparamagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization of 48.0 emu/g at a low magnetic field of 0.5 T. Their biocompatibility and metabolism for application in magnetic resonance reticuloendothelial system examinations are investigated by

/pdf/synthesis-of-well-dispersed-aqueous-phase-magnetite-mts1zo9zsf.pdf

Synthesis of Well-Dispersed Aqueous-Phase Magnetite Nanoparticles and Their Metabolism as an MRI Contrast Agent for the Reticuloendothelial System

The invention relates to the field of image processing, and discloses a method for automatically segmenting an intima-media membrane in a carotid artery ultrasound image. The method comprises the following steps: 1), inhibiting the background information outside the intima-media membrane through employing a multi-scale Gaussian kernel multiplication method, and obtaining an edge image with the highlighted boundary of the intima-media membrane; 2), obtaining a part of contour lines of a mesolamella-adventitia boundary and an intima-lumen boundary according to the edge image obtained at step 1) through employing an initial contour detection method based on the Otsu threshold method and the Sobel operator; 3), designing a two-leg ant colony optimization algorithm on the basis of the initial contour obtained at step 2), connecting the initial contour lines, and obtaining a complete contour; 4), further optimizing the contour obtained at step 3) through a contour optimization algorithm based on the Snake model, and enabling the final contour to be smoother and more continuous and approach a real edge.

Method for automatically segmenting intima-media membrane in carotid artery ultrasound image

The invention discloses a blood flow artifact removing method for carotid magnetic resonance blood vessel wall imaging. The method comprises steps of firstly, black blood and gray blood images are obtained by using the black-gray blood double contrast imaging technique, and then the images are pretreated based on the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform to suppress the high frequency subband; different pre-emphases are adopted to process the black blood and gray blood images, and the black blood image after the pre-emphasis is subtracted from the black blood image after the pre-emphasis, so as to obtain a subtracted image; and the brightness of the subtracted image is adjusted so that the average brightness of the subtracted image is equal to the average brightness of the initial black blood image, and the blood vessel wall magnetic resonance image of which the blood flow artifact is removed is obtained. The method can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of the lumen, improve the wall-to-cavity differential noise ratio, and more completely remove the blood flow artifacts in the original black blood imaging.

Blood flow artifact removing method for carotid magnetic resonance blood vessel wall imaging

The invention relates to the image processing field and discloses an ultrasonic image de-noising and enhancement algorithm. The ultrasonic image de-noising and enhancement method comprises steps of (1) using Curvelet transformation to perform decomposition on an image to obtain a low frequency sub-band and high frequency sub-band of different sizes and different directions, (2) multiplying a low frequency sub-band coefficient with a small gain coefficient and inhibiting image background information, (3) adopting a high frequency gain function having a direction selection to process a Curvelet high frequency sub-band coefficient, configuring a big gain multiple and a small threshold for the high frequency sub-band close to a horizontal direction, configuring a small gain multiple and a big threshold for the high frequency sub-band close to a perpendicular direction, and (4) performing Curvelet inverse transformation on the processed coefficient to obtain an enhanced image. The ultrasonic image de-noising and enhancement method can effectively remove spot noise of the ultrasonic image and can enhance edge information in the image.

Ultrasonic image de-noising and enhancement method

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Synthesis of Well-Dispersed Aqueous-Phase Magnetite Nanoparticles and Their Metabolism as an MRI Contrast Agent for the Reticuloendothelial System

Method for automatically segmenting intima-media membrane in carotid artery ultrasound image

Blood flow artifact removing method for carotid magnetic resonance blood vessel wall imaging

Ultrasonic image de-noising and enhancement method