We report a study of self-assembled beta-pleated sheets in B. mori silk fibroin films using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy. B. mori silk fibroin may stand as an exemplar of fibrous proteins containing crystalline beta-sheets. Materials were prepared from concentrated solutions (2−5 wt % fibroin in water) and then dried to achieve a less ordered state without beta-sheets. Crystallization of beta-pleated sheets was effected either by heating the films above the glass transition temperature (Tg) and holding isothermally or by exposure to methanol. The fractions of secondary structural components including random coils, alpha-helices, beta-pleated sheets, turns, and side chains were evaluated using Fourier self-deconvolution (FSD) of the infrared absorbance spectra. The silk fibroin films were studied thermally using temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) to obtain the reversing heat capacity. The increment of the reversing heat capacity ΔCp0(Tg) at the glass transition fo...

/pdf/determining-beta-sheet-crystallinity-in-fibrous-proteins-by-2aov4wvj48.pdf

Determining Beta Sheet Crystallinity in Fibrous Proteins by Thermal Analysis and Infrared Spectroscopy

This work aimed to review the recent scientific research, focused on the application of recycled fibers, taken from textile waste, in the field of composite materials to fulfill the eco-sustainability requirements of textile manufacturing, and promote actions for a circular economy. The yarns and fabric production represent one of the most polluting processes of the industrial world. The harmful environmental impact of the textile process has been described by reporting the different treatments involving the raw material and the filament fabrication, and concerning the uses of insecticides, fertilizers, and many other chemicals for improving the quality of the final products. In addition, solid textile waste constituted a further additional issue for the environmental sustainability of fabric production. Various strategies have been discussed and in part already adopted by many companies to recover waste fibers and prevent them from ending up in landfills. The alternatives of fiber recycling for composite realization have been presented by reporting several recent studies involving the uses of recycled fibers from the textile waste embedded in different matrices: thermoplastic polymer, thermosetting resins, natural constituents, and concrete in light of specific applications.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/1/134/pdf

Eco-Sustainability of the Textile Production: Waste Recovery and Current Recycling in the Composites World

The textile industry is a large source of pollution due to the production of raw materials (natural and synthetic fibers), preparation and finishing processes, as well as due to textile waste, especially the post-consumer waste. This paper is an attempt to change the perception concerning such waste. In the context of circular economy, textile waste has to be conceived as a source for carbon and energy. A new attitude is compulsory due to the increase of post-consumer waste quantity since the volume of textile consumption has lately increased. Fast fashion cycle and cheaper textile products having a shorter lifetime led to an increase of the quantity of post-consumer textile waste. Demands for pollution reduction generated the concern to upcycle the textile waste in order to recover, at least partially, the materials as well as the energy consumed for their manufacture, reducing accordingly the carbon and water footprints of these products,. The scarcity of raw materials and of fossil fuels, the high environmental impact of the simple disposal of waste, imposed a new policy regarding the transformation of the linear economy which characterizes today’s textile industry into a circular one, leading to a lower environmental impact. This involves the valorization of post-consumer waste by recycling or at least by a partial recovery of the materials and energy spent for the manufacture of these products. A good management of post-consumer textile waste is mandatory for attaining a zero waste target. Some good practices in the field are presented by this paper.

State of the art of post-consumer textile waste upcycling to reach the zero waste milestone

MXene, a transition metal carbide/nitride, has been prominent as an ideal electrochemical active material for supercapacitors. However, the low MXene load limits its practical applications. As environmental concerns and sustainable development become more widely recognized, it is necessary to explore a greener and cleaner technology to recycle textile by-products such as cotton. The present study proposes an effective 3D fabrication method that uses MXene to fabricate waste denim felt into ultralight and flexible supercapacitors through needling and carbonization. The 3D structure provided more sites for loading MXene onto Z-directional fiber bundles, resulting in more efficient ion exchange between the electrolyte and electrodes. Furthermore, the carbonization process removed the specific adverse groups in MXenes, further improving the specific capacitance, energy density, power density and electrical conductivity of supercapacitors. The electrodes achieve a maximum specific capacitance of 1748.5 mF cm-2 and demonstrate remarkable cycling stability maintaining more than 94% after 15,000 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles. Besides, the obtained supercapacitors present a maximum specific capacitance of 577.5 mF cm-2, energy density of 80.2 μWh cm-2 and power density of 3 mW cm-2, respectively. The resulting supercapacitors can be used to develop smart wearable power devices such as smartwatches, laying the foundation for a novel strategy of utilizing waste cotton in a high-quality manner. 

MXene Enhanced 3D Needled Waste Denim Felt for High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitors

Bleeding control plays a very important role in worldwide healthcare, which also promotes research and development of wound dressings. The wound healing process involves four stages of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling, which is a complex process, and wound dressings play a huge role in it. Electrospinning technology is simple to operate. Electrospun nanofibers have a high specific surface area, high porosity, high oxygen permeability, and excellent mechanical properties, which show great utilization value in the manufacture of wound dressings. As one of the most popular reactive and functional synthetic polymers, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is frequently explored to create nanofibers for a wide variety of applications. In recent years, researchers have invested in the application of PAN nanofibers in wound dressings. Research on spun nanofibers is reviewed, and future development directions and prospects of electrospun PAN nanofibers for wound dressings are proposed.

/pdf/recent-progress-in-electrospun-polyacrylonitrile-nanofiber-iqux29z3.pdf

Recent Progress in Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber-Based Wound Dressing

At present, a large number of waste textiles are disposed through incineration and burial, which cause serious environmental pollution. Therefore, recycling textile wastes into high mechanical prod...

Recycling of denim fabric wastes into high-performance composites using the needle-punching nonwoven fabrication route

Blown bubble-spinning was recently explored for the effective fabrication of
 nanofibrous yarns in a one-step process. In this study, air-flow?s
 temperature and velocity, which play the key role in the formation and
 morphology of nanofibers, are investigated and optimized. The present study
 offers a beneficial opportunity for the scale-up production of nanofibrous
 yarns in the future.

/pdf/effect-of-air-flow-parameters-on-the-morphology-of-3irzmlgogs.pdf

Effect of air-flow parameters on the morphology of nanofibrous yarns by blown bubble-spinning

Nano drug delivery systems can control the ordered release of drugs. To achieve the target of supplying therapeutics and nutrients at the same time, a novel nano drug delivery system with a core–sh...

Dual-functional SFP/PAN based nano drug release system for treatment and nutrients:

Solution properties play a critical role in manufacturing of nanofibrous materials. In this paper, solution concentrations were explored for the effective fabrication of nanofibrous yarns by the blown bubble-spinning. The surface tension and rheological property of spun solutions were investigated, and the product’s thermal and mechanical properties were characterized.

/pdf/effect-of-solution-concentrations-on-the-structure-and-25kdkqhcwy.pdf

Effect of solution concentrations on the structure and properties of nanofibrous yarns by blown bubble-spinning

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Recycling of denim fabric wastes into high-performance composites using the needle-punching nonwoven fabrication route

Effect of air-flow parameters on the morphology of nanofibrous yarns by blown bubble-spinning

Dual-functional SFP/PAN based nano drug release system for treatment and nutrients:

Effect of solution concentrations on the structure and properties of nanofibrous yarns by blown bubble-spinning